2. This would be necessary if you had a high temperature (fever) from the cellulitis, or had bad shivering. If the pain of the cellulitis seems out of proportion to the size of the redness: this could be a sign the infection has spread deeper into your skin and you might be developing necrotising fasciitis, which is a very serious skin infection. If your leg is affected, lie down and elevate your leg above your heart. Cellulitis and erysipelas. The infection may occur on the legs, arms, fingers, face, toes, and the trunk. People with compromised immune systems, deficient lymphatic clearance, and conditions like diabetes, skin ulcers, alcoholism, and fungal infections are also at elevated risk to developing erysipelas. Lyme disease. Erysipelas is a . Raising (elevating) your affected body part uses gravity to help prevent excess swelling, which may also ease pain. Avoid scratching your skin if possible. Erysipelas is a skin infection that results from the streptococcus bacteria. Lantos PM, et al. This will help reduce swelling and ease your pain. Ticks, including tick paralysis. But most of the times the symptoms and signs of this infection are so marked as well as painful, people will seek treatment immediately. Cover the wound with a bandage. The infection can spread to the heart valves as well as the joints and bones. Tick removal and testing. You can't catch cellulitis by touching it, nor do you have to wear gloves if touching the skin of someone with cellulitis as it doesn't spread from person to person. We avoid using tertiary references. It may extend in severe cases/slow clinical response. In the past few years, however, the incidence of erysipelas has been increasing. All rights reserved. 2007 Sep;16(3):123-7. Doctors usually treat erysipelas with antibiotics. Anthonys fire.. I have been advised to do 5-fraction proton treatments, ADT 1-4 month injection of leuprolide and 90 days of Casodex pill., fiduciary markers and hydrogel spaceOar. High levels of white blood cells (indicating tissue damage or bacterial infection), High levels of C-reactive protein (indicating inflammation), Vancomycin for facial erysipelas caused by MRSA , Alternative to penicillin: erythromycin (for people, Applying cold packs to relieve discomfort, Moisturize your body to prevent dryness. All rights reserved. Mild cases can be cared for at home, while other cases are treated by a dermatologist. Doctors for Erysipelas in Mayo Link Road, Ajmer - Book Doctor Appointment, Consult Online, View Doctor Fees, User Reviews, Address and Phone Numbers of Doctors for Erysipelas | Lybrate Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The signs of illness generally go away in a day or two. When anyone looks at the biography of interesting people from the past or in past family histories, you can find the deaths of many people by erysipelas. Superficial cellulitis caused by Strep pyogenes. People who have repeated episodes of erysipelas may need long-term antibiotics. There may be symptoms that affect the entire body (systemic) including fever and chills. It affects the outermost layer of the skin and the local lymph nodes. Erysipelas spreads quickly, eventually settling in the joints. oklahoma snap benefits increase 2022 . If you've noticed a rash of patchy colours develop on your skin, you may have tinea versicolor - Cellulitis is mainly caused by two bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and beta-haemolytic streptococcus. In theory it can affect anyone but is very rare in children and healthy young adults.There are some things that can make you more at risk of cellulitis. It can however be used to confirm sepsis. This may reduce the risk for erysipelas. Emergent surgical consultation, consideration for debridement. The affected skin has a very sharp, raised border. and transmitted securely. Prednisone and other corticosteroids - Mayo Clinic. Skin injuries that increase the chances of developing erysipelas include: Pre-existing skin conditions that break the surface of the skin also increase the chances of getting erysipelas. It includes taking antibiotics. If the affected skin is hot and painful, apply . DermNet provides Google Translate, a free machine translation service. Although it affects any age group, people with these conditions are at higher risk of getting erysipelas: Erysipelas causes raised rashes on the skin. Your email address will not be published. Results of our real-world drug study have been referenced on 600+ medical publications, including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature. Pustulosis acuta generalisata: scattered sterile pustules on hands, feet and elsewhere . In most cases, recovery will be quicker and more complete the sooner treatment begins. On the next Mayo Clinic Radio program, Dr. Mitchell Humphreys, a Mayo Clinic urologist, will highlight prostate health and treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The condition may affect both children and adults. Have a weakened immune system - for example, if you take steroids or chemotherapy. Chronic Lyme disease. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of One holy man, one eponym, three distinct diseases. It may however be noted that the structure of an erysipelas rash is more compact with demarcated edges as opposed to a cellulitis rash. Accessed Dec. 24, 2021. AskMayoExpert. Muscle or bone infections which can be serious. The treatment usually lasts 10 to 14 days. If we combine this information with your protected information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with Appendix . Accessed Oct. 13, 2022. wordlist = ['!', '$.027', '$.03', '$.054/mbf', '$.07', '$.07/cwt', '$.076', '$.09', '$.10-a-minute', '$.105', '$.12', '$.30', '$.30/mbf', '$.50', '$.65', '$.75', '$. Erysipelas Treatment In the early stages, treatment consists of a 2-weeks of doses of oral penicillin or a penicillin-derivative antibiotic. It occurs commonly in the legs but can also effect the face. Hyperspectral . If other conditions have contributed to the attack, such as eczema, athletes foot, or diabetes, then treating those conditions properly can help prevent further outbreaks of erysipelas. This content does not have an Arabic version. Edema, or water retention, occurs when fluid builds up in the tissues of the body. The photo below shows the slightly less serious infection, erysipelas, on a lady's face. What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? It has features similar to an orange peel. The treatment of erysipelas is the same for all infected sites. Doctors may carry out a blood test if there are any signs of systemic infection, such as bacteria in the blood (bacteremia). PMC Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. It is important to start treatment as early as possible to limit the chance of further complications. However, strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can be treated with a wide range of antibiotics. Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). So, keep your fingernails short and avoid scratching as much as possible. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Book: Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 5th Edition, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter Digital Edition, Cellulitis: How to prevent recurrent episodes. Cellulitis. Maggie's treating physician is Eva Morava-Kozicz, . Pimples, insect bites as well as cuts can all put a person at risk to the underlying bacteria. There are also two common types of vaccines used. If the individual shows signs of recurrence, doctors may recommend antibacterial therapy for an extended period. Risk factors are similar to those for other forms of cellulitis. If left untreated, Graves' disease can lead to more serious health problems, such as heart rhythm abnormalities, heart failure, severe muscle weakness, osteoporosis and eye problems. 9th ed. This condition affects children as well as adults. Previously, doctors thought that erysipelas only affected the face, but the National Organization for Rare Disorders now estimate that around 80 percent of all cases occur on the legs. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. In general, cellulitis can be treated effectively at an early stage with antibiotics and does not normally become a serious problem or life threatening in developed countries. It is therefore essential that anyone who is allergic to penicillin tell their doctor before starting treatment so that they can prescribe other medications, such as erythromycin or cephalexin. Left untreated, the infection can spread to the lymph nodes and bloodstream and rapidly become life-threatening. Accessed Oct. 6, 2022. ", Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations: "Impetigo, Erysipelas and Cellulitis. include protected health information. If the skin, which was red, turns dark purple or black: this could be a sign you have dead soft tissue (which doctors call gangrene). Erysipelas is more likely on the face than cellulitis, and often goes across the nose and cheeks: Book a private appointment with a local pharmacist today to discover treatment options. Patient should get up and walk around periodically to keep the blood circulation going. When do you think you were exposed to ticks? If your fingernails are long, they can cause a break in the skin when you are scratching. St. Anthony's fire revisited. Most doctors would advise being off work until the cellulitis is completely better: probably a week at the minimum. If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Dermatology Made Easybook. Erysipelas may also be caused due to infection by non-group A streptococci bacteria. Signs of a fever and illness associated with erysipelas will often disappear within a few days of starting treatment, although the skin infection can take weeks to clear up. erysipelas treatment mayo clinic. Erysipelas and cellulitis are common infections of the skin. The bacteria may enter the skin through various means such as minor cuts or injuries, insect bites, dog bites, eczema, surgical cuts, and ulcers. Erysipelas usually starts after a mild trauma like a burn, bruise, incision, or wound. Explore our 400+ programs. These include keeping your skin healthy by moisturizing it. Blood cultures do not help in correct diagnosis. The antibiotic may be given intravenously or orally. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? As the infection spreads, the skin is painful, very red, swollen, and warm. The treatment usually lasts 10 to 14 days. A biopsy of the skin is usually not needed. It affects the outermost layer of the skin and the local lymph nodes. The condition also forms blisters and sores (erysipelas lesions). This needs immediate hospital admission. Several factors increase the risk of cellulitis: Untreated cellulitis might lead to bacteremia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome or sepsis. Recent progress in Lyme disease and remaining challenges. Dr. Bobbi Pritt: That's why you want to stay away from the tall grasses. Empiric: Accessed Oct. 6, 2022. Fat tissue is most prone to developing the erysipelas infection. People with erysipelas will typically take antibiotics by mouth for between 7 and 14 days. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. You can also cover the cut or wound with a plaster. Migration of the infection to different sections of the body through the bloodstream, which can result in septic arthritis, and/or infective endocarditis which affects the heart valves. At particular risk for infection are young patients, elderly patients and immunocompromised patients. Rarely, the infection can spread to the deep layer of tissue called the fascial lining. People who go to the hospital for treatment usually have to stay for about a week. Vomiting. The most common pathogen is group A streptococcal bacteria, particularly streptococcuspyogenes. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. And, immediate treatment is needed. 2006;175(3):244. doi:10.1503/cmaj.060735. Cellulitis (sel-u-LIE-tis) is a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/chronic-lyme-disease. If the infection affects other parts of the skin, you will notice redness and painful skin lesions with raised borders.. This condition may look like acne, often starting out as small red bumps. Streptococcal disease. People who are allergic to penicillin may be treated with erythromycin. Vancomycin is used for facial erysipelas caused by. aldenrobert | @aldenrobert | 19 hours ago. If you have had bad cellulitis requiring hospital admission you may find that the cellulitis doesn't quite go away completely for several months. Post surgery May 2021 PSA was 0.37. Patients may also experience a variety of symptoms such as shaking, high fever, tremors, chills, exhaustion or weakness, headaches, vomiting, minor illness or malaise in a 48-hour period that follows the initial infection. Bolognia, J, L., Jorizzo, J, L., & Schaffer, J, V. (2012, June 8). 2nd ed. Blood tests to find disease-fighting antibodies to the bacteria. A course of antibiotic tablets will usually clear cellulitis. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. from the best health experts in the business, Cellulitis and erysipelas: antimicrobial prescribing; NICE Guidance (September 2019), Cellulitis - acute; NICE CKS, December 2019 (UK access only), Antimicrobial prescribing: oritavancin for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections; NICE Evidence summary, May 2022. Blistering erysipelas: not a rare entity. The redness gets worse over a day or two, becoming painful. Antimicrobial Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections among Surgical Wards in South Africa: Findings and Implications An inflamed, thick, warm, and bright red rash appears on the affected skin. For example, if you: Here is a photo of cellulitis affecting the eyelid: By Bobjgalindo (Own work), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Watch for signs of infection. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, American Academy of Neurology, and American College of Rheumatology: 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease. Conditions such as eczema can make skin very itchy. The bacteria releases toxins, which play a role in causing skin inflammation. It is also known as St Anthony's fire dueto the intense rash associated with it. But sometimes, additional care is required for severe cases. You may feel unwell, with a raised temperature (fever). Stay in the middle. In the elderly, or if the cellulitis has set in for a while before starting treatment, it is quite common to need two weeks of antibiotics before cellulitis will clear up. Your doctor will be best placed to advise you on this. Celestin R, Brown J, Kihiczak G, Schwartz RA. Acta Biomed. What is the treatment for cellulitis and erysipelas? Research also shows that continued use of antibiotics doesn't improve these symptoms. However, your skin will take a few weeks to return to its normal state. Cardiovascular health: Insomnia linked to greater risk of heart attack. It's important to take all pills as directed even if you're feeling better. It is a variant of cellulitis which is another skin problem. This needs immediate hospital admission. If your cellulitis recurs, your health care provider may recommend preventive antibiotics. Results of our real-world drug study have been referenced on 600+ medical publications, including The Lancet, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, and Nature. A biopsy of the skin is usually not needed. Reappearance of the erysipelas bacterial infection. Erysipelas, a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, was once a common disease but nearly disappeared after the advent of antibiotics. Read our editorial policy. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 197. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FOIA 6th ed. Erysipelas typically affects infants, children, and the elderly. Forte specializes in lymphovenous bypass, a microsurgery done under powerful microscopes that are magnified 20 to 25 times. Dry skin can crack easily and germs (bacteria) can enter through the skin cracks. Bennett JE, et al. Treatment of post-mastectomy lymphedema with laser therapy: double blind placebo control randomized study. However, current studies have indicated that the skin inflammation is distributed across the body, and the legs get affected in nearly 80 percent of patients. Cellulitis is caused when bacteria, most commonly streptococcus and staphylococcus, enter through a crack or break in the skin. The .gov means its official. Treating breaks to the skin swiftly can also help. Also reviewed by . It causes blistering. Necrotizing fasciitis is an example of a deep-layer infection. low mpv blood test mayo clinicmr patel neurosurgeon cardiff 27 februari, 2023 . Have swollen legs (for various reasons) or. Anybody can develop erysipelas although it develops mostly among the elderly as well as the exceptionally young. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Make a donation. Pilonidal disease is a type of skin infection which typically occurs as a cyst between the cheeks of the buttocks and often at the upper end. arrow-right-small-blue It can also occur anywhere on the face, particularly around the eyelids when it is called, Sometimes the infection can spread into the eye when you have very bad, Sometimes it can occur on the back of the elbow, from leaning on the elbow too much (this is similar to. With medical big data and proven AI algorithms, eHealthMe provides a platform for everyone to run phase IV clinical trials. However, the following may help to reduce your risk of developing cellulitis in some cases: In most cases, cellulitis goes away with treatment, but how long it takes depends on the severity. However, the skin abnormalities may completely recover only after some weeks. If the condition is severe, they may recommend intravenous (through the vein) antibiotics. Avoid your face, but be sure to protect your neck. Antiallergic drugs, mineral complexes, and vitamins are sometimes added to the antibiotics to increase their effectiveness.. Cellulitis usually affects the lower legs, but it can occur on the face, arms and other areas. Erysipelas is an infection of the skin which is nearer to the skin surface (more superficial) than cellulitis. This content does not have an English version. Erysipelas can appear in any age group but most commonly affects infants and older adults. You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on diseases of swine by jeffrey j zimmerman locke a. diseases of swine ebook 2019 worldcat. The affected skin is swollen and inflamed and is typically painful and warm to the touch. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC. Doctors will also notice the rise of ASO or antistreptolysin O titer, about 10 days after initial infection. A history of known or possible exposure to ticks. Tools low mpv blood test mayo clinic. Patient is a UK registered trade mark. If sepsis is severe enough to cause multi-organ dysfunction, that patient may need to be mechanically ventilated, or they may even need dialysis temporarily if their kidneys have failed. My cancer is only in the prostate. Cellulitis may not always be preventable, particularly in the elderly or people with a weak immune system. As previously stated, streptococci cause most cases of the disease; thus, penicillin has remained a first-line. Using a moisturiser cream and soap substitute on the affected area of skin until it heals. The resultant infection does not affect the subcutaneous tissue. Occasionally, the diagnosis may not be made until after birth. . The severity of the infection will determine the duration of the treatment. Erysipelas is a type of skin infection. The legs, face, and arms are the main sites of infection. For details see our conditions. If the infection is severe, antibiotics may need to be given through an intravenous (IV) line. Cellulitis usually gets better with antibiotics: you should feel an improvement within two days of taking them. After conditioning and blood transfusion, upper GI endoscopy revealed a large adherent clot extending from But sometimes, complications can occur. 2007. For theskin biopsy findings, see erysipelas pathology. Bacteria that get into the bloodstream and which can cause an infection of the heart valves. The condition may affect both children and adults. Use of radiotherapies in breast cancer Accessed Dec. 24, 2021. The veins and lymph vessels are both charged with removing liquid and solid debris from tissue. If the infection is severe, antibiotics may need to be given through an intravenous (IV) line. ", Medicinski pregled: "Erysipelas today. When they are told to elevate a leg, many people put their leg on a chair or footstool. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. For example, if someone has painful swelling in the legs, they should keep them elevated. Nausea and vomiting most often are due to viral gastroenteritis often called stomach flu or the morning sickness of early pregnancy. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Is the Treatment of Erysipelas on the Leg, Arm, Face Different? Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. The usual course would be a week, followed by a second week if it hadn't cleared. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. ", Virulence: "The complex pathogenesis of bacteremia.". Anyone can get erysipelas, but it most commonly affects infants and adults over the age of 60. In: Taylor and Kelly's Dermatology for Skin of Color. If you've done recent outdoor activities and may have had a tick bite or may have a tick-borne illness, be ready to answer these questions: Be prepared to answer these additional questions and write down the answers before your appointment. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Rarely, CDH may not be diagnosed until childhood or later. Pictures and symptoms of the red, scaly rash. Lu H. Diagnosis of Lyme disease. An erysipelas infection can deteriorate to a very dangerous condition called necrotizing fasciitis, when the infection spreads to tissues occurring deeper within the body. It may take a few weeks for the skin to return to normal. And, on your hike, remember to avoid areas where those questing ticks may be perched. To help prevent cellulitis and other infections, take these precautions when you have a skin wound: People with diabetes or poor circulation need to take extra precautions to prevent skin injury. Cutting edge approaches to lymphoma care Mayo Clinic specialists share the latest in lymphoma treatment including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. This helps to keep the skin clean and prevent the skin from becoming dry and damaged. The bacteria are also called beta-hemolytic group A streptococci. https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/removal/index.html. Your provider can help you figure out the cause of your symptoms and find the right treatment for you. Everything you need to know about cellulite, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, sharp edges between the affected area and unaffected skin, fungal infections, such as athletes foot, veins and lymphatic vessels not working as they should, raised levels of white blood cells, which can be caused by tissue damage and bacterial infection, elevated levels of C-reactive protein, which is produced by the liver in increased amounts when, positive blood culture indicating a bacterial infection, the presence of a specific infection, caused by an animal bite, for example, keeping the infected area elevated, although still ensuring movement to try and prevent clotting, lotions to stop the skin getting dry and cracking, anti-inflammatory painkillers, such as ibuprofen, compression stockings once the infection has settled, treatment for any breaks in the skin, often with a prescribed cream that is applied directly. If the infection is severe, antibiotics may need to be given through an intravenous (IV) line. The result is infection, which may cause swelling . Erysipelas recurs in up to one-third of patients due to: Erysipelas is usually diagnosed by the characteristic rash. to the day The following variables were assessed: of discharge. Sometimes it will be necessary to be given antibiotics through a vein (intravenous antibiotics). The signs and symptoms of erysipelas are listed below: Erysipelas may cause a number of health complications, some of which are as follows: The presence of subcutaneous edema may make the doctor misdiagnose the disease as cellulitis. Erysipelas may produce symptoms that affect the entire body (systemic) such as fever and chills. It is also called St. Anthony's Fire due to the red rash the condition causes. If your work involves standing up for long periods of time (like a hairdresser or teacher) or if you are sitting in an office chair most of the day, you may well need to have a week off work. Edwards J, Green P, Haase D. A blistering disease: bullous erysipelas. Complications are rare in people who are infected by erysipelas. A ball of pus (an abscess) forming in the infected area. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. What Are the Complications of Erysipelas? Are you allergic to any medications, or do you have any other allergies? Typical cellulitis or erysipelas No evidence of purulence Non-purulent Infections Duration of therapy: Typically five days. Then 7 weeks of salvage radiation. Topics AZ Erysipelas is a less serious version of cellulitis that often affects the face. Egton Medical Information Systems Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy. Blood poisoning (septicaemia) which can be life-threatening, A course of antibiotic tablets will usually clear cellulitis, Cellulitis and erysipelas: antimicrobial prescribing, Antimicrobial prescribing: oritavancin for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, Prepatellar Bursitis (Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment). Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat. Treatment of athlete's foot if it is present. Choose a degree. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. The prognosis for patients with erysipelas is excellent. Post salvage radiation Dec. 2021 PSA had risen to 1.29. Change bandages at least daily. As a result, a condition called bacteremia will occur. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hospitalist Perspective on the Treatment of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections. Since erysipelas is prone to recurrence, you should follow these measures to avoid contracting the bacterial infection. Sjblom AC, Eriksson B, Jorup-Ronstrom C, et al. Recurrent erysipelas is treated with long-term antibiotics. It is possible to visually distinguish erysipelas from cellulitis via the well-defined, sharp, and raised borders of the rash. Antibiotics treat erysipelas. Erysipelas is treated with mild, oral antibiotics for one to 2 weeks. 2021; doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.666554. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Reviewed by: Elika Hoss, MD, Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. It is a skin disease which features acute bacterial infection of the shallow lymphatic tissues and the outer dermis.It means that the upper or superficial layers of the skin get infected by bacteria. Expect to see much more in the near future. Accessed Oct. 12, 2022. Jeff Olsen: Mayo Clinic parasitic diseases expert Dr. Bobbi Pritt suggests permethrin for your clothing and gear. 9th ed. Erysipelas develops when bacteria enter the skin through cuts or sores. In reality, it is difficult to tell how deep an infection is, so cellulitis and erysipelas are much the same thing. In more severe cases, the drugs will be put directly into the skin via a drip. To prevent the recurrence of the infection, long-term antibiotics such as penicillin might be recommended.