child at each generation. disability, self insurance reserves and similar programs administered by a city Interested person, as the term relates to this Title, 14-1103 Supplementary general principles of law applicable, 14-1105 Remedies for unreasonable conduct; definitions, 14-1107 Determination of death and status; rules, 14-1108 Arbitration of disputes; alternative dispute resolution, 14-1109 Repetitive filings; summary denial, 14-1303 Venue; multiple proceedings; transfer, 14-1310 Oath or affirmation on filed documents, 14-1311 Standard of proof and burden of persuasion, 14-1401 Notice; method and time of giving, 14-1405 Representation by holder of general power of appointment, 14-1406 Representation by fiduciaries and parents, 14-1407 Representation by person having substantially identical interest, 14-2101 Intestate estate; modification by will, 14-2102 Intestate share of surviving spouse, 14-2103 Heirs other than surviving spouse; share in estate, 14-2104 Heirs; surviving of decedent; time requirement; presumption; exception, 14-2105 Unclaimed estate; passage to state, 14-2106 Passing of estate by representation; assigning of shares; definitions, 14-2107 Kindred by half blood; right of inheritance, 14-2109 Advancements of property during lifetime; effect on distribution of estate, 14-2110 Debts owed to a decedent; effect on distribution of estate, 14-2111 Effect of alienage on distribution of estate, 14-2113 Heirs related to decedent through two lines; single share, 14-2114 Parent and child relationship; intestate succession; adopted children, 14-2207 Rights of surviving spouse; waiver; requirements; effect, 14-2301 Entitlement of spouse; premarital will, 14-2302 Omitted children; shares; definition, 14-2403 Exempt property; value; priority, 14-2404 Family allowance; use; length; priority; termination by death, 14-2405 Homestead; exempt property and allowances; restriction; source; determination; documentation, 14-2502 Execution of paper wills; witnessed wills; holographic wills; testamentary intent, 14-2504 Self-proved wills; sample form; signature requirements, 14-2505 Witnesses; requirements; definition, 14-2507 Revocation of will; requirements, 14-2508 Change of circumstances; effect on will, 14-2509 Revoking a subsequent will; effect; reviving a revoked will; requirements, 14-2510 Incorporating outside document into a will; requirements, 14-2511 Testamentary additions to trusts; requirements; effect of revocation, 14-2512 Disposition of property by reference to acts of independent significance, 14-2513 References to separate lists; requirements, 14-2514 Contracts regarding wills; requirements; effect, 14-2516 Custodian of will; duties; liability, 14-2517 Penalty clause for contest; restriction, 14-2518 Electronic will; requirements; interpretation, 14-2521 Qualified custodian; agreement to serve; ceasing service, 14-2522 Electronic record; access; destruction, 14-2523 Certified paper original of electronic will; affidavits, 14-2602 Passage of existing and after-acquired property by will, 14-2603 Substitute gifts; class gifts; definitions, 14-2604 Failure of testamentary provision; effect, 14-2605 Securities increase in value after death; effect; exception, 14-2606 Right to specific devises; unpaid proceeds of sale, condemnation or insurance; sale by conservator or agent, 14-2607 Specific devise; nonexoneration, 14-2608 Exercise of power of appointment, 14-2609 Satisfaction of a devise during the testator's life; requirements; valuation, 14-2702 Devisees; surviving of testator; requirement; exception, 14-2703 Choice of law; effect on governing instrument, 14-2704 Power of appointment; exercise by reference; presumption, 14-2705 Adopted children; children born out of wedlock; class gifts, 14-2706 Failure of beneficiary to survive decedent; effect; protection from liability; third parties; definitions, 14-2707 Future interests; trusts; distribution date; passage of property; alternative future interest; definitions, 14-2708 Class gifts to descendants, issue or heirs of the body; form of distribution if none specified, 14-2709 Property distribution by representation or per capita at each generation; distribution per stirpes; application of section; definitions, 14-2710 Worthier title doctrine; nonrecognition, 14-2712 Burdens relating to validity of governing instruments, 14-2802 Effect of divorce, annulment and decree of separation, 14-2803 Murder of decedent; effect; federal law; definitions, 14-2804 Termination of marriage; effect; revocation of probate and nonprobate transfers; federal law; definitions, 14-2901 Nonvested property interest; general power of appointment; validity; exception, 14-2902 Nonvested property interest or power of appointment; creation, 14-2903 Reformation of a disposition plan; conditions, 14-2904 Statutory rule against perpetuities; exclusion, 14-2905 Nonvested property interest or power of appointment; creation; effective date; judicial reformation, 14-2906 Rule against perpetuities; supersession, 14-2907 Honorary trusts; trusts for pets; conditions, 14-3101 Devolution of estate at death; administration on deaths of husband and wife, 14-3102 Necessity of statement or order of probate for will; exception, 14-3103 Necessity of appointment for administration, 14-3104 Claims against decedent; necessity of administration, 14-3105 Proceedings affecting devolution and administration; jurisdiction of subject matter, 14-3107 Scope of proceedings; proceedings independent; exception, 14-3108 Probate, testacy and appointment proceedings; ultimate time limit, 14-3109 Statutes of limitation on decedent's cause of action, 14-3110 Action by or against personal representative; survival of causes of action, 14-3201 Venue for first and subsequent estate proceedings; location of property, 14-3202 Appointment or testacy proceedings; conflicting claim of domicile in another state, 14-3203 Priority among persons seeking appointment as personal representative, 14-3204 Demand for notice of order or filing concerning decedent's estate, 14-3301 Informal probate or appointment proceedings; application; contents, 14-3302 Informal probate; duty of registrar; effect of informal probate, 14-3303 Informal probate; proof and findings required, 14-3304 Informal probate; unavailable in certain cases, 14-3305 Informal probate; registrar not satisfied, 14-3306 Informal probate; notice requirements, 14-3307 Informal appointment proceedings; delay in order; duty of registrar; effect of appointment, 14-3308 Informal appointment proceedings; proof and findings required, 14-3309 Informal appointment proceedings; registrar not satisfied, 14-3310 Informal appointment proceedings; notice requirements, 14-3311 Informal appointment unavailable in certain cases, 14-3401 Formal testacy proceedings; nature; when commenced, 14-3402 Formal testacy or appointment proceedings; petition; contents, 14-3403 Formal testacy proceeding; notice of hearing on petition, 14-3404 Formal testacy proceedings; written objections to probate, 14-3405 Formal testacy proceedings; uncontested cases; hearings and proof, 14-3406 Formal testacy proceedings; contested cases; testimony of attesting witnesses, 14-3407 Formal testacy proceedings; burdens in contested cases, 14-3408 Formal testacy proceedings; will construction; effect of final order in another jurisdiction, 14-3409 Formal testacy proceedings; order; foreign will, 14-3410 Formal testacy proceedings; probate of more than one instrument, 14-3411 Formal testacy proceedings; partial intestacy, 14-3412 Formal testacy proceedings; effect of order; vacation, 14-3413 Formal testacy proceedings; vacation of order for other cause, 14-3414 Formal proceedings concerning appointment of personal representative, 14-3415 Lost and missing wills; wills probated in other jurisdictions, 14-3501 Supervised administration; nature of proceeding, 14-3502 Supervised administration; petition; order, 14-3503 Supervised administration; effect on other proceedings, 14-3504 Supervised administration; powers of personal representative, 14-3505 Supervised administration; interim orders; distribution and closing orders; annual accounts; accounting on closing, 14-3602 Acceptance of appointment; consent to jurisdiction, 14-3603; Version 2 Bond required; exceptions, 14-3604 Bond amount; security; procedure; reduction, 14-3607 Order restraining personal representative, 14-3608 Termination of appointment; general, 14-3609 Termination of appointment; death or disability, 14-3610 Termination of appointment; voluntary, 14-3611 Termination of appointment by removal; cause; procedure, 14-3612 Termination of appointment; change of testacy status, 14-3613 Successor personal representative, 14-3614 Special administrator; appointment, 14-3615 Special administrator; who may be appointed, 14-3616 Special administrator; appointed informally; powers and duties, 14-3617 Special administrator; formal proceedings; power and duties, 14-3618 Termination of appointment; special administrator, 14-3701 Time of accrual of duties and powers, 14-3702 Priority among different letters, 14-3703 General duties; relation and liability to persons interested in estate; standing to sue, 14-3704 Personal representative to proceed without court order; exception, 14-3705 Duty of personal representative; information to heirs and devisees, 14-3706 Duty of personal representative; inventory and appraisement, 14-3708 Duty of personal representative; supplementary inventory, 14-3709 Duty of personal representative; possession of estate; discovery of concealed assets, 14-3710 Power to avoid transfers; action to set aside fraudulent conveyances, 14-3711 Powers of personal representatives; in general, 14-3712 Improper exercise of power; breach of fiduciary duty, 14-3713 Sale, encumbrance or transaction involving conflict of interest; voidable; exceptions, 14-3714 Persons dealing with personal representative; protection, 14-3715 Transactions authorized for personal representatives; exceptions, 14-3716 Powers and duties of successor personal representative, 14-3717 Co-representatives; when joint action required, 14-3718 Powers of surviving personal representative, 14-3719 Compensation of personal representative, 14-3721 Proceedings for review of employment of agents and compensation of personal representatives and employees of estate, 14-3803 Limitations on presentation of claims, 14-3804 Manner of presentation of claims, 14-3808 Individual liability of personal representative, 14-3810 Claims not due and contingent or unliquidated claims, 14-3812 Execution and levies prohibited, 14-3815 Administration in more than one state; duty of personal representative, 14-3816 Final distribution to domiciliary representative, 14-3901 Successors' rights if no administration, 14-3902 Distribution; order in which assets appropriated; abatement, 14-3904 Interest on general pecuniary devise, 14-3906 Distribution in kind; valuation; method, 14-3908 Distribution; right or title of distributee, 14-3909 Improper distribution; liability of distributee, 14-3910 Purchasers from distributees or transferees protected, 14-3911 Partition for purpose of distribution, 14-3912 Private agreements among successors to decedent binding on personal representative, 14-3914 Disposition of unclaimed assets, 14-3915 Distribution to person under disability, 14-3931 Formal proceedings terminating administration; testate or intestate; order of general protection, 14-3932 Formal proceedings terminating testate administration; order construing will without adjudicating testacy, 14-3933 Closing estates; statement of personal representative, 14-3934 Liability of distributees to claimants, 14-3935 Limitations on proceedings against personal representative, 14-3936 Limitations on actions and proceedings against distributees, 14-3937 Certificate discharging liens securing fiduciary performance, 14-3951 Effect of approval of agreements involving trusts, inalienable interests, or interests of third persons, 14-3952 Procedure for securing court approval of compromise, 14-3971 Collection of personal property by affidavit; ownership of vehicles; affidavit of succession to real property, 14-3973 Small estates; summary administrative procedure, 14-3974 Small estates; closing by sworn statement of personal representative, 14-4201 Payment of debt and delivery of property to domiciliary foreign personal representative without local administration, 14-4206 Power of representatives in transition, 14-4207 Ancillary and other local administrations; provisions governing, 14-4301 Jurisdiction by act of foreign personal representative, 14-4302 Jurisdiction by act of decedent, 14-4303 Service on foreign personal representative, 14-4401 Effect of adjudication for or against personal representative, 14-5102 Jurisdiction of subject matter; consolidation of proceedings, 14-5103 Facility of payment or delivery, 14-5104 Delegation of powers by parent or guardian, 14-5106 Disclosure requirements for proposed guardians and conservators; restrictions by local rules, 14-5107 Military member power of attorney; definition, 14-5108 Guardianship of foreign citizens, 14-5109 Disclosure of compensation; determining reasonableness and necessity, 14-5110 Claim deadline for compensation; definitions, 14-5201 Status of guardian of minor; general, 14-5202 Testamentary appointment of guardian of minor, 14-5203 Objection by minor of fourteen or older to testamentary appointment, 14-5204 Court appointment of guardian of minor; conditions for appointment, 14-5205 Court appointment of guardian of minor; venue, 14-5206 Court appointment of guardian of minor; qualifications; priority of minor's nominee; fingerprints, 14-5207 Formal appointment of guardian of minor; procedure, 14-5208 Consent to service by acceptance of appointment; notice, 14-5209 Powers and duties of guardian of minor, 14-5210 Termination of appointment of guardian; general, 14-5211 Proceedings subsequent to appointment; venue, 14-5212 Resignation or removal proceedings, 14-5213 Prospective guardian's blindness; burden of proof; specific written findings; definitions, 14-5301 Appointment of guardian by will or other writing; objections; notice, 14-5301.01 Appointment of guardian by will or other writing; effectiveness; acceptance; confirmation, 14-5301.02 Appointment and status of guardian, 14-5301.03 Judicial appointment of guardian; special provision for incapacitated minors approaching adulthood, 14-5301.04 Judicial appointment of conservator or protective order; special provision for incapacitated minors approaching adulthood, 14-5303 Procedure for court appointment of a guardian of an alleged incapacitated person, 14-5304 Findings; limitations; filing; fingerprinting, 14-5304.01 Effect of appointment of guardian on privilege to operate a motor vehicle, 14-5304.02 Limited guardianship; voting, 14-5305 Acceptance of appointment; consent to jurisdiction, 14-5306 Termination of guardianship for incapacitated person, 14-5307 Substitution or resignation of guardian; termination of incapacity, 14-5308 Court appointed investigators; qualifications; duties, 14-5309 Notices in guardianship proceedings, 14-5310 Temporary guardians; appointment; notice; court appointed attorney hearings; duties, 14-5310.01 Adult protective services workers; special visitation warrants, 14-5311 Who may be guardian; priorities, 14-5312 General powers and duties of guardian, 14-5312.01 Inpatient treatment; rights and duties of ward and guardian, 14-5312.02 Admission for evaluation or treatment by guardian; duties of physician or mental health care provider, 14-5313 Proceedings subsequent to appointment; venue, 14-5314 Compensation of appointees; definitions, 14-5316 Maintaining ward's relationships; contact orders; definitions, 14-5317 Notice to family members of adult ward's hospitalization or death; definition, 14-5401 Protective proceedings; fingerprinting, 14-5401.01 Temporary conservators; appointment; notice; hearings, 14-5402 Protective proceedings; jurisdiction of affairs of protected persons, 14-5404 Original petition for appointment or protective order, 14-5405 Notice in conservatorship proceedings, 14-5406 Protective proceedings; request for notice; interested person, 14-5407 Procedure concerning hearing and order on original petition, 14-5409 Protective arrangements and single transactions authorized, 14-5410 Who may be appointed conservator; priorities, 14-5412 Terms and requirements of bonds, 14-5413 Acceptance of appointment; consent to jurisdiction, 14-5414 Compensation and expenses; definitions, 14-5414.01 State veterans' conservatorship fund, 14-5415 Resignation or substitution of conservator, 14-5416 Petitions for orders subsequent to appointment, 14-5420 Conservators; title by appointment, 14-5421 Recording of conservator's letters, 14-5422 Sale, encumbrance or transaction involving conflict of interest; voidable; exceptions, 14-5423 Persons dealing with conservators; protection, 14-5424 Powers of conservator in administration, 14-5425 Distributive duties and powers of conservator, 14-5426 Enlargement or limitation of powers of conservator, 14-5428 Claims against protected person; enforcement, 14-5429 Personal liability of conservator, 14-5431 Payment of debt and delivery of property to foreign conservator without local proceedings, 14-5432 Domiciliary foreign conservator; powers of local conservator, 14-5501 Durable power of attorney; creation; validity, 14-5502 Effect of lapse of time, disability or incapacity, 14-5503 Relation of agent to court appointed fiduciary, 14-5504 Revocation; termination; effect; notice, 14-5505 Continuance of durable powers of attorney by affidavit, 14-5506 Powers of attorney; intimidation; deception; definitions, 14-5601 Establishment of office of public fiduciary; appointments; costs, 14-5602 Duties of public fiduciary; appointment; law enforcement agency; temporary protection of property; definition, 14-5603 Deposit of funds; investment plan, 14-5604 Claim against estate for expenses, 14-5605 Letter testamentary or of administration not required; statement to be filed; powers and duties, 14-5606 Additional powers and duties of the public fiduciary, 14-5651 Fiduciaries; licensure; qualifications; conduct; removal; exemption; definitions, 14-5702 Time and manner of execution; information, 14-5703 Procedure after arrest; payment for release from custody, 14-5704 Entry into criminal information system, 14-6101 Nonprobate transfers on death; nontestamentary nature, 14-6102 Nonprobate transferees; liability for creditor claims and statutory allowances, 14-6103 Notice of death of settlor; filing claim against trust estate, 14-6203 Types of accounts; existing accounts, 14-6205 Designation of agent; authority; termination, 14-6206 Beneficial ownership; application and limitation of article, 14-6212 Death of a party; rights of survivors, 14-6214 Accounts; transfers; nontestamentary effect, 14-6216 Community property; effect of account; right of survivorship, 14-6221 Financial institutions; types of accounts, 14-6222 Multiple party accounts; payment; proof of death and survivorship, 14-6224 Agency accounts; payment to designated agent, 14-6226 Financial institutions; discharge of claims; exception, 14-6227 Financial institutions; right to setoff against account, 14-6302 Registration of securities; form, 14-6303 Registration in beneficiary form; applicable law, 14-6308 Registering entity; obligations; protection, 14-6310 Registrations; terms, conditions and forms, 14-7402 Fiduciary duties; general principles, 14-7404 Judicial control of discretionary powers, 14-7405 Determination and distribution of net income, 14-7406 Distribution to residuary and remainder beneficiaries, 14-7407 When right to income begins and ends, 14-7408 Apportionment of receipts and disbursements when decedent dies or income interest begins, 14-7409 Apportionment when income interest ends; definition, 14-7410 Character of receipts; definition, 14-7411 Distribution from trust or estate, 14-7412 Business and other activities conducted by trustee, 14-7416 Insurance policies and similar contracts, 14-7417 Insubstantial allocations not required, 14-7418 Deferred compensation, annuities and similar payments; definition, 14-7420 Minerals, water and other natural resources, 14-7422 Property not productive of income, 14-7423 Derivatives and options; definition, 14-7424 Asset-backed securities; definition, 14-7427 Transfers from income to principal for depreciation; definition, 14-7428 Transfers from income to reimburse principal, 14-7430 Adjustments between principal and income because of taxes, 14-7431 Proposed actions; notification; definition, 14-7502 Application of payments made to fiduciaries, 14-7503 Transfer of negotiable instrument by fiduciary, 14-7504 Check drawn by fiduciary payable to third person, 14-7505 Check drawn by and payable to fiduciary, 14-7506 Deposit in name of fiduciary as such, 14-7508 Deposit in fiduciary's personal account, 14-7509 Deposit in names of two or more trustees, 14-7510 Cases not provided for by article, 14-7654 Transfer by gift or exercise of power of appointment, 14-7655 Transfer authorized by will or trust, 14-7659 Manner of creating custodial property and effecting transfer; designation of initial custodian; control, 14-7661 Validity and effect of transfer, 14-7662 Care of custodial property; duties of custodian, 14-7665 Custodian's expenses, compensation and bond, 14-7666 Exemption of third person from liability, 14-7668 Renunciation, resignation, death or removal of custodian; designation of successor, 14-7669 Accounting by and determination of liability of custodian, 14-8101 Adult adoption; agreement; consent of spouse; court procedure; petition, 14-9103 Custodial trustee for future payment or transfer, 14-9104 Form and effect of receipt and acceptance by custodial trustee; jurisdiction, 14-9105 Transfer to custodial trustee by fiduciary or obligor; facility of payment, 14-9106 Multiple beneficiaries; separate custodial trusts; survivorship, 14-9107 General duties of custodial trustee, 14-9108 General powers of custodial trustee, 14-9109 Use of custodial trust property, 14-9110 Determination of incapacity; effect, 14-9111 Exemption of third person from liability, 14-9113 Declination, resignation, incapacity, death or removal of custodial trustee; designation of successor custodial trustee, 14-9114 Expenses, compensation and bond of custodial trustee, 14-9115 Reporting and accounting by custodial trustee; determination of liability of custodial trustee, 14-9116 Limitations of action against custodial trustee, 14-9118 Methods and forms for creating custodial trusts, 14-10004 Chapter supplemented by other law, 14-10005 Power to disclaim; general requirements; when irrevocable, 14-10006 Disclaimer of interest in property; definitions, 14-10007 Disclaimer of rights of survivorship in jointly held property, 14-10008 Disclaimer of interest by trustee, 14-10009 Disclaimer of power of appointment or other power not held in fiduciary capacity, 14-10010 Disclaimer by appointee, object or taker in default of exercise of power of appointment, 14-10011 Disclaimer of power held in fiduciary capacity, 14-10012 Delivery or filing; definition, 14-10013 When disclaimer barred or limited, 14-10016 Application to existing relationships, 14-10017 Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act, 14-10018 Uniformity of application and construction, 14-10106 Common law of trusts; principles of equity, 14-10108 Principal place of administration, 14-10110 Others treated as qualified beneficiaries, 14-10111 Nonjudicial settlement agreements; definition, 14-10113 Penalty clause for contest; restriction, 14-10201 Role of court in administration of trust, 14-10202 Jurisdiction over trustee and beneficiary, 14-10205 Alternative dispute resolution, 14-10403 Trusts created in other jurisdictions, 14-10405 Charitable purposes; enforcement, 14-10406 Creation of trust induced by fraud, duress or undue influence, 14-10409 Noncharitable trust without ascertainable beneficiary, 14-10410 Modification or termination of trust; proceedings for approval or disapproval, 14-10411 Modification or termination of noncharitable irrevocable trust by consent, 14-10412 Modification or termination because of unanticipated circumstances or inability to administer trust effectively, 14-10414 Modification or termination of uneconomic trust, 14-10415 Reformation to correct mistakes, 14-10416 Modification to achieve settlor's tax objectives, 14-10417 Combination and division of trusts, 14-10501 Rights of beneficiary's creditor or assignee; exception, 14-10503 Exceptions to spendthrift provision; definition, 14-10504 Discretionary trusts; effect of standard; definition, 14-10505 Creditor's claim against settlor, 14-10506 Overdue distribution; definition, 14-10507 Personal obligations of trustee, 14-10602 Revocation or amendment of revocable trust, 14-10603 Settlor's powers; powers of withdrawal, 14-10604 Limitation on actions contesting validity or revocable trust; distribution of trust property, 14-10701 Accepting or declining trusteeship, 14-10704 Vacancy in trusteeship; appointment of successor, 14-10707 Delivery of property by former trustee, 14-10809 Control and protection of trust property, 14-10810 Record keeping and identification of trust property, 14-10811 Enforcement and defense of claims, 14-10814 Discretionary powers; tax savings, 14-10817 Distribution on termination; release of trustee, 14-10819 Trustee's special power to appoint to other trust, 14-10820 Fiduciaries; service as trustee; limitation, 14-10902 Standard of care; portfolio strategy; risk and return objectives, 14-10904 Duties at inception of trusteeship, 14-10906 Prudent investor rule; language to invoke standard, 14-10907 Delegation of investment and management functions; duties; limitations, 14-10908 Life insurance on settlor; liability of trustee, 14-10909 Application to existing trusts, 14-11005 Limitation of action against trustee, 14-11007 Event affecting administration or distribution, 14-11009 Beneficiary's consent, release or ratification, 14-11010 Limitation on personal liability of trustee, 14-11012 Protection of person dealing with trustee, 14-11014 Total return trusts; definitions, 14-11015 Express total return unitrusts; definition, 14-11101 Electronic records and signatures, 14-12103 International applications of act, 14-12106 Taking testimony in another state, 14-12201 Definitions; significant connection factors, 14-12205 Exclusive and continuing jurisdiction, 14-12207 Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct, 14-12209 Proceedings in more than one state, 14-12301 Transfer of guardianship or conservatorship to another state, 14-12302 Accepting guardianship or conservatorship transferred from another state, 14-12401 Registration of guardianship orders, 14-12402 Registration of protective orders, 14-12501 Uniformity of application and construction, 14-12502 Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act, 14-13104 User direction for disclosure of digital assets, 14-13106 Procedure for disclosing digital assets, 14-13107 Disclosure of content of electronic communications of deceased user, 14-13108 Disclosure of other digital assets of deceased user, 14-13109 Disclosure of content of electronic communications of principal, 14-13110 Disclosure of other digital assets of principal, 14-13111 Disclosure of digital assets held in trust when trustee is original user, 14-13112 Disclosure of contents of electronic communications held in trust when trustee is not original user, 14-13113 Disclosure of other digital assets held in trust when trustee is not original user, 14-13114 Disclosure of digital assets to conservator of protected person, 14-13116 Custodian compliance and immunity, 14-13117 Uniformity of application and construction, 14-13118 Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act.