designs at:Threadless.com and Zazzle, Why Cats Were (Wrongly) Blamed for the Black Plague in Europe. I SAY GOOD FOR ALL THOSE SENSELESS HUMANOIDS. In my home, I use cat statuettes as bookends, and have various other representations of these felines throughout my home. https://historycollection.co/thou-shalt-not-suffer-a-cat-to-live-why-pope-gregory-ixs-vox-in-rama-implicated-cats-in-devil-worship/3/, Of course, theres also the wee tiny fact that the paranoia about witchcraft didnt really start to get into full swing until the 16th and 17th century, and that included black cats. Where do we get our stuff? The Vox described the depraved rituals of the cult in detail, portraying the devil worshipped by the witches as a shadowy half cat and half man figure. Further down the line, his influence grew larger and larger, and by 1217 he was named the papal legate and Honorius chief representative in Liguria and Tuscany. Others posit that the smaller geoglyphs were used as location markers for travelers. Dogs are sweet but they dont really have that self respect that cats do. Great read! People banged drums and kept the sparrow in the air not permitting them to land until they died of exhaustion! While the fact is pretty obscure on whether the papal bull is directly influenced by Konrad, he is known as a zeal that is set on to burn every last heretic. Not a cat person? BUT HUMANS , NOT SO. (To be fair, the cat is only one of more than 300 figures the Nazca created almost half which have been discovered in the last five years). As mentioned, this Pope initiated what has been described as the feline Holocaust 3 in Europe. In Belgium, an entire festival, Kattenstoet, is dedicated to throwing cats from buildings and burning them in the streets. The same evil popes who say God created all creatures of the earth, yet they, wantonly murdered these defenseless creatures of the earth that God created. Buy Long Live the Kitty! The few versions of this story that bother to give anything like some substantiation claim that cats were declared servants of evil by Pope Gregory IX in 1232 or even that he declared that they should all be killed. CATS ARE BETTER THAN PEOPLE. As was to be expected of a former angel The upper part of his body from the hips upward shines as brightly as the sun. However, his fall from grace was encapsulated by his lower body where his skin is coarse and covered with fur like a cat.. This dudes job was to rid Germany of heretics, so he had plenty of reason to stoke the Popes fears of heretical activity (gotta keep that job). Even in Egypt, where they still view cats as sacred animals, plague hits. The purpose of the papal bull Vox in Rama, was to condemn a cult that had allegedly popped up in the Rhinelandand the bull was specifically sent to the city of Mainz. Wierd Tales, Vol 36. The purpose of Vox in Rama, rather, was to condemn a cult that had allegedly popped up in the Rhinelandand the bull was specifically sent to the city of Mainz. Because the powers that be dictated that the cat composed one of the main identifiers of a witch, the Church officially excommunicated the entire species. no- blood dives; you are 100% wrong, irrational clearly an agnostic who mocks then defends his false god, the pope- also, review another diatribe from papal high tower urging cats killed-clearly minions of satan, word cat not in catholic bible problem is, what did david kill as shepherd attacking his sheep? I soon realized thatpublic affairs combined the best of both worlds of journalism and television talk shows I get to learn interesting and unusual things about people who worked with me, I then get to tell their story. https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/plague/factsheet.asp. It was Gregorys past as an astute lawyer that connected him to his acts of justice within the church. Thus, purported heretics, such as the Cathars and Waldensians, were accused of worshipping cats, according toMedievalists.net. I like cats, but I dont wear leopard skin or go around posting pictures of cats everywhere. These were, however, local affairs and dont serve as proof of the kind of massive cat recall modern folks have inferred from Pope Gregory IXs bull. While there appears to be no evidence that Pope Gregory IX ever told people to kill cats, there have been smaller historical examples of Medieval folks killing cats for weird reasons. It kept happening, lets say once per generation, until the 1700s. Cats were seen as agents of the devil, throughout much of history, and slaughtered again centuries later in New England during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. While there appears to be no evidence that Pope Gregory IX ever told people to kill cats, there have been smaller historical examples of Medieval folks killing cats for weird reasons. A pandemic so severe that it kills more than 50 million people in Europe in a couple of years, and killed more than 200 million people worldwide. We accept this storythat we humans once crossed cats and it resulted in one in three of us dyingbecause it just feels rignt. 2022 History of Yesterday | All Rights Reserved. Cat burning became a favorite medieval pastime in France, where cats were suspended over fires in cages or doused and set alight- even chased on fire through the streets by cat chasers. It was his distaste for cats that penned the Vox in Rama. Was considering writing a song about the folly of feline flaying, now Im not so sure. We have detected that you are using extensions to block ads. But the association between cats and gender is not a new one. For a lot of folks, everything you need to know about the Middle Ages you can find in Braveheart or Monty Pythonit was a simple, stupid period when superstition ruled the land, heads rolled daily, and people were covered in sh*t all the time. Some people even went as far as blaming. Which brings us back to Pope Innocent VIIIs 1484 declaration that the cat was the devils favourite animal and idol of all witches., The cat was the devils favourite animal and idol of all witches. Pope Innocent VIII. Queen Elizabeth I celebrated her coronation with the burning of a cat-stuffed effigy. One can love animals, the Catechism says. Constantly told the Truth is stranger than fiction!!! Some historians have forgiven the rats. One should not direct them the affection due only to persons.. Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/humanities/Cats-and-the-Black-Plague, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Its long-term effect, however, was to reshape the view of the cat in European society in general, morphing it from a pagan sacred animal into an agent of hell. Over many centuries, Egyptians found that a cat was the one creature that could make the world safe, according to Purina. However, amongst the warped fantasies were some bare facts from past beliefs which lent themselves to the dark image of witchcraft the church was attempting to conjure. Cats breed quickly, know how to survive on their own, and are hard to catch. And each time it hit Europe again, it appears to have come from Asia. Guess what? Retrieved from http://www.kattenstoet.be/en/page/497-511/the-cat-throwing.html, MedicineNet.com. Good read, thanks! The Black Plague did happen. Before the prospect of burning at the stake for having contact with the purring pets, Catholics around the the continent began slaughtering any feline that entered their property. Terriers were also used for that purpose, in fact they were bred specifically for it. But some of their adversaries do. To start, lets look at what Pope Gregory IX actually said about cats in his bull (special formatting is my own): Classical Cats: The Rise and fall of the Sacred Cat, Donald W Engels, Psychology Press. I would suggest that theres more to the story. Hera are six really weird pets that you could actually own. The novice kisses him and feels cold, [like] ice, and after the kiss the memory of the [C]atholic faith totally disappears from his heart. Pope Gregory IX did not say cats are evil, and did not order people to kill cats. Many of these rodents had fleas that carried diseases including the Black Plague. Denmark's Fastelavn held at the start of lent was based on the premise that for spring to begin, evil had to be banished. Where do we get our stuff? Weve discovered that the two diseases were one and the same, spread by contact, not the air. The theory that plague pandemics happen amidst a cat vacuum doesnt hold up: Europe didnt keep its cat population depleted for nearly 500 years. Based on these confessions, in 1233 Pope Gregory IX issued an official papal decree declaring that Satan was half-cat and sometimes took the form of cat. In the 13th century, Pope Gregory IX, pope from 1227-1241, believed that cats actually carried the spirit of Satan himself within them. In 1233, Pope Gregory IX's "Vox in Rama," a warning against the perils of witchcraft, accused its targets of canoodling with a black cat that was actually Lucifer in disguise. Thats serious.. Thank you for your cooperation.You can sign-up to the Membership any time to remove the adds and enjoy the content with no interruptions, 2 popes and a plague are to blame for burning felines at the stake. Then, there is the fact that cats just arent good ratters-, which is why dogs; especially terriers are employed to catch rodents. February 8, 2013. While there is no evidence that cats in medieval England were persecuted, their mousing skills were likened to the devils ability to catch souls, with the fifteenth-century merchant William Caxton remarking how the devil playeth ofte with the synnar, lyke as the catte doth with the mous. Some historians believe that the persecutions across Europe so depleted cat numbers that mouse- and rat-catching by cats diminished- one of the reasons why the Bubonic Plague took such a deadly hold in Europe during the fourteenth century. How then could he have impacted the good people of the 1300s? My mum always said the best way to get rid of a flea infestation was to let a cat walk through your house. But it starts to fall apart once you roll it around in the ol brainpan. You literally cannot even be bothered to recall the NAMES of the people youre talking about. Finally, even if cat numbers were vastly reduced, they were not wiped out. No one can say for sure how many cats were killed because of the association made between them and witchcraft by the Vox in Rama. There is little real evidence for this. The Remains of Dead US Presidents Will Be Sent Into Space, The Man Who Surgically Brought Back Unicorns. Locusts and every other kind because the sparrow not only ate grain but also insects the great 3 year famin followed and the official Chinese records showed 15 million people died of starvation but later studies done by experts from outside of China say the official numbers are fudged badly in an optimistic attempt to cover the true death toll of around 45 million plus some even say as high as 70 million!! (Ive decided not the repost the link here). On March 19, 1227, 80-year-old cardinal Ugolino di Segni became Pope Gregory IX. On June 13, 1233, the Pope issued the Vox in Rama to King Henry of Germany. Cats Blamed for Spreading the Plague During the Middle Ages, it wasn't uncommon for cats to be killed, given their association with evil, Compora says. Here are our sources? During these witch trials, a woman even testified in court that cats spoke to her, and threatened to hurt her if she didnt abuse children in the town. Cats are not assholes, as this writer and many dog lovers like to repeat endlessly (and its SO tiresome to listen). He said they ate too much grain and it was the responsibility of every person to kill a sparrow if they saw one and they were not to give up until they achieved it !!.. Actually, the murder of cats in Europe continued for hundreds of years, and another Plague swept through Europe again in the 17th Century. Indeed the belief that the torture or killing of cats could break spells continued across northern Europe. Either way, his account cant be true. And anyone who tries to understand them as the devil incarnate or as a female marker hasnt spent enough time enjoying a cat walking all over them, kneading them or running from cucumbers. Which means that killing off the rats main predators was probably not the best idea. I dont know what to make of the authors contention that we like to hate on the middle ages. The disease was ravaging Asia before it ever made its way to Europe. Based on the Vox in Rama translation there is no exact phrase that urges Konrad or other inquisitors to go on a cathunt all across Europe. Chairman Meow Says: Iz so awful that such a time occurred in our history. People living during this time lived in constant fear of death. People like to dump on the Middle Ages for being Europes cultural and technological nadir, especially compared to the surrounding Classical and Renaissance periods. The Popes were all lecherous greedy thieves seeking nothing but power for themselves & their families. They definitely dont stop fleas. The account began by describing the initiation of novices to the coven. Denmarks Fastelavn held at the start of lent was based on the premise that for spring to begin, evil had to be banished. In those days, papal inquisitors extracted confessions from prisoners that they worshiped the devil and his black cat by torturing them vigorously. Both rats and pigeons would make a great next plague material though, The bull does not, however, dictate that Catholics across Europe kill all cats to stop Satan Islam doesnt tell Muslims to kill pigs but they still chase and try to kill one by kicking and hitting if they see it on the street because they believe it is evil and forbidden. There is little real evidence for this. Your email address will not be published. Conrads methods for identifying heretics were questionable to some. Name is important in the papacy as it is seen as a signal of how their reign is envisioned. Did Pope Gregorys comfort with the law cause him tooverstephis station as the pope? Thou Shalt not suffer a Cat to Live: Why Pope Gregory IXs Vox in Rama Implicated Cats in Devil Worship. The Decretals reorganized the whole library of Catholic laws. People can make all manner of animals do what we likewe can teach oxen to plow, dogs to fetch game, elephants to paint, and ravens to hold grudges.2 But you cant make a cat do anything. And thats because its body is invested with the spirit of the Morning Star himself. The story youre most likely to find in popular history articles goes something like this: Cats were brought to Europe from Egypt by the Romans and enjoyed a decent reputation for a long timeprobably because they were such a boon to agricultural societies. Interestingly enough, the author of the article writes that one reason cats are evil is that they are the favored pets of witches. Actually, witches both modern ones and the one who were burned at the stake during Middle Ages owned cats because being close to nature is central to theirreligious beliefs. In the fourth century, a Christian monk named Evagrius Ponticus wrote down what's known as the "eight evil thoughts": gluttony, lust, avarice, anger, sloth, sadness . The most likely targets were often older cat-owning peasant women (The Crazy Cat Ladies of their time) who were labeled witches and often burned alive at the stake. In the years ahead, feline-kind all across Europe saw their status slammed from a sacred and protected animal to a false idol. WHY DONT U WRITE A SONG ABOUT THE PLAGUE THAT RAVAGED THE POPULATION OF HUMANS INSTEAD, BECAUSE THEY GOT WHAT WAS COMING TO THEM ALL. Summary. At first glance, these rites, with their orgies and obscenities seem to be deliberately far-fetched. Since the ninth century AD, the Canon Episcopi of the Catholic Church had deemed belief in witchcraft to be a heresy in itself. The fleas just love cat blood so much more than ours. From there, its just a couple of logical leaps to the connection to the Black Death: inspired by Pope Greg IXs bull, everyone across Europe killed off all the cats. This bull, the story goes, declared cats as the instruments of Satan, and set Medieval Europe on a great cat purge, with special attention paid to black cats, who were particularly Luciferian. As hysteria increased, the rat population boomed and the Black Plague began to spread out of control. Welcome to BELIEVE.art, home of Revolutionary Artist & Warrior-Poet, Chairman Meow. That evil came to be neatly personified in the form of black cats that were beaten to death to purge the new season of evil spirits. Gregory believed him. The final point though is that contemporary accounts and the examination of modern doctors and historians of the evidence from them has shown bacteria that caused the Black Death can take the form of a lung infection called pneumonic plague, which was spread easily between humans. It's like visiting the museum with a close friend who just happens to know all the best stories, secrets and gossip. He is mostly known for issuing the Decretales and starting the Papal Inquisition. Missionary Activity under Pope Gregory the Great. But feline-human relations deteriorated sometime in the early 1230s (CE) when Pope Gregory IX issued a papal bull called Vox in Rama. https://owlcation.com/humanities/Cats-and-the-Black-Plague, https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/06/ravens-memory-unfair-trade/, http://historycollection.co/thou-shalt-not-suffer-a-cat-to-live-why-pope-gregory-ixs-vox-in-rama-implicated-cats-in-devil-worship/, https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Vox-in-Rama-authentic-What-effects-did-it-have, https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/CXXII/498/1075/457108/The-Black-Death-in-Egypt-and-England-A-Comparative?redirectedFrom=fulltext, https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death, http://www.kattenstoet.be/en/page/497-511/the-cat-throwing.html, https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/eight-witchcraft-myths/, https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/plague/factsheet.asp, Abee, Holle. Often fueled by a fear, individuals are often capable of doing illogical or terrible things as groups when given permission by authority figures. After food, clothing and medicine, the fourth item is cosmetics and the fifth is pets, he said, referring to a study on where most peoples income goes. Ive written before about whycats are strange including the reasons cats like to walk all over you, knead you and are afraid of cucumbers. It wouldnt be the first time Catholicism has decided an animal once worshipped by pagans needed to be rebranded as Satanic (see: goats). Ugolino di Conti was born around 11451170 in Anagni, Rome. So, rather than being a document banning cats from Europe, it was a letter sent to a city warning them about a cult. Gregory's missionary zeal among the Franks and the Anglo-Saxons in England was the first step in a process that would culminate with Charlemagne's coronation in Rome on Christmas Day in AD 800.. At the same time Benedictine monks led by Augustine were sent to Kent to convert the pagan King Ethelbert and his people, other missionaries from . While ancient Egyptians would have rathersurrenderto invading army than harm a hand on a cat, the belief by others that cats cannot be trained to be loyal and obedient like a dog, was a source ofanxietyover cats during medieval times. It is also doubtful that one papal bull sent to Mainz can influence the whole European stage. The Black Death in Egypt and England: A Comparative Study. At length, when the novice has come forward, [he] is met by a man of wondrous pallor who has black eyes and is so emaciated [and] thin that since his flesh has been wasted, seems to have remaining only skin drawn over bone. While in power, Pope Gregory IX declared that cats were to be associated with devil worship and had them exterminated. So Gregory began to formalize and promote practices that formed the basis of the later medieval inquisition. Wierd Tales, Vol 36. By rough estimates, as many as 200 million people died. Much like modern-day Chicago, Egypt had a rat problem. If the Black Death was airborne, then rats had nothing to do with it, exonerating Gregory. Is the Vox in Rama authentic? So why not witches? Tomb of Ancient Viking High King Discovered, The Most Bizarre Relics From The Ancient Funeral Rite. As one might have predicted, thereafter, mass slaughters of cats blanked Europe. Consider a quote from Rastafari leader Haile Selassie; Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered most, that has made it possible for evil to triumph. Iz just as true during Dark Ages as iz now. Your writing is comical! A witch and her cat. Cats are awesome rodent hunters. Pope Gregory IX (1147-1241). Between 1347 and 1352, some 100 million people died of the Plague, representing almost half of Europes population. Apparently torture produced some pretty convincing confessions from people who worshipped the devil and his black cat. During this period, cat-burning was considered to bringgood luck. One small fact you havent taken account of here. Cats just arent dogs, and I respect and love them specifically for that reason. Thanks for writing this! When I was a kid, my mom thought that Id have my own talk show because I was always asking people lots of questions about themselves. Also, in 1182, to aid the churchs vendetta against the Cathars, the French theologian Alain de Lille falsely claimed that the sect took its name from the cat instead of the real source, the Greek katharoi or pious ones. Furthermore, several more black plagues would hit the world in the 18th century or so, and it's unlikely that the cat population still suffers the cathunt after hundred of years. Tying the cat to satanic worship was a natural progression- and one that would have dire consequences. Once the initial hysteria died down, cats, like the would-be witches were left alone for a time, giving them time to repopulate- and remained prolific enough to continue to be culled. Thanks for publishing! If you survived, you lost many people you loved. All That's Interesting is a Brooklyn-based digital publisher that seeks out stories that illuminate the past, present, and future. The cat had obtained a darker connotation through its association with Galinthias, who became a servant of Hecate, a Greek goddess of the underworld after she was turned into a cat by the goddess Hera. (2010, February 4). Id rather see them in the wild doing what cats are meant to do than as someones indoor pet. He therefore gave his official blessing to the widespread persecution of cats across Europe. Firstly, they are greeted by an abnormally large frog or toad, whose behind they must kiss and then a man of fearful pallor and thinness whose task was to suck out every last remnant of faith in the Catholic Church from their soul. In the 13th century, an inquisitor described, in a report to the pope, a Satanic cult in Germany that used cats as part of a ritual, and the pope's response quoted some of his information (which has been described as medieval propaganda by some). In fact, most people who believe the Europeans wiped out cats which caused the Black Death bull crap, is that cats werent the only animals used for catching rats. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=141316, ONeill, Tim. However, it was also a piece of papal legislation that was notable in another way, for the Vox was the first papal bull to associate the cat with witchcraft. The popes were all hypocrytical, bastards. why did pope gregory think that cats were evil? I do support single mothers though, especially those willing to give me 2 for 1 lapdance specials, but I digress. Pope Gregory IX did issue a papal bull, . I came just to quickly peruse the article in attempts to finally finding out whether or not there was validity to the Pope being the plausible cause of the Black Plague in hopes that he did indeed cause it, since today is Sunday and when I refuse to go to Church with my grandmother I could hit her with this, and it could be a legitimate reason for me not attending Church because the Pope caused millions of people to die from the Black Death/Plague, and I am in no support of mass killing. Zealousness is a common occurrence in medieval times, the same thing goes for Gregory IX. ALL ANIMALS ARE BEAUTIFUL, EVERY SPECIES KNOWN IS A JOY TO BEHOLD, EVERY ONE, RIGHT DOWN TO THE HIPPO, THE PIGS, EQUINES, PACHYDERMS , FELINES, CANINES, BOVINES. Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Vox-in-Rama-authentic-What-effects-did-it-have, Sheldon, Natasha. For the worship of the cat had its basis in the pagan past. Answer: This looks like a job for History for Atheists! Lead bulla of Gregory IX. no; mice? It was one of the most deadly pandemics in history. Not sure I am convinced either way, but people (especially those who prefer dogs) do like to hate on cats, so it is not a stretch to believe that they have been killed en masse in any era. By Gregorys decree, there was a target on the head of every black cat. Neither does rogue operative, Jason Bourne. First, consider the dates: Pope Gregory IXs papal bull was issued between 1232 and 1234. On June 13, 1233, Gregory issued the Vox in Rama, an official papal decree declaring that Satan was half-cat and sometimes took the form of a cat during Satanic masses. Besides, it mutated into septicemic and pneumonic forms, thus spreading even faster. Home; About; Contacts; Location; FAQ The people of the time may have felt that this was the end of days, but the wake of the plague was nothing but an opportunity for survivors. However, historian Donald Engel believes that the Vox acted as a death warrant for the cat. I am in France since 3 years and I would see the amount of cats I saw here during that time, maybe in a day or two in Turkey. 1999. If anything, the cathunt is Konrads interpretation of the papal bull. THE HUMAN OVER-POPULATION IS CAUSING ANIMAL SPECIES TO GO EXTINCT. In this case, with no cats around, disease-carrying rats multiplied like crazy, spreading the Plague. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/CXXII/498/1075/457108/The-Black-Death-in-Egypt-and-England-A-Comparative?redirectedFrom=fulltext, Kattenstoet. Following years brought the great plaque of insects! When I graduated college,I began living my own dream as a reporter for a news media outlet. "The whole story is one of those pseudo historical urban myths that keeps getting repeated despite the fact it's complete nonsense. Some kiss this creature on the hind quarters and some on the mouth, they receive the tongue and saliva of the beast inside their mouths. AKSHAY. The bull does not, however, dictate that Catholics across Europe kill all cats to stop Satan. I live in a city, so I have plenty of experience with both cats and mice. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'historyofyesterday_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_4',119,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyofyesterday_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');Im definitely tracking the cat worship concept. The truth of the plague variations that wiped out Europe is, they were the results of a perfect storm. No one can say for sure how many cats were killed because of the association made between them and witchcraft by the Vox in Rama. The Bubonic plague was carried not by rats themselves but their fleas; fleas which could just as easily transfer to dogs- and cats. Nature tries to maintain a balance .. dogs, cats, chickens, and snakes all relate well to preying upon rats and fleas. Cats absolutely devastate wildlife when out in nature, killing millions of birds and having been responsible for extinction of species. Further, the plague wasnt a one-off event in Europe. Omniverous diet, free bleeders- cats and other mammals? Henry was acquitted when he appealed to the bishop of Mainz and later that year Marburg himself was mysteriously murdered- probably at Henrys behest. While I cannot say for certain that things didnt happen this way, there appear to be holes. But still, cultural images of cats being a marker of femininity didnt sprout fromVogue,any more than the idea that cats are plain evil stem fromSports Illustrated. Issuing the Decretales and starting the papal bull throughout my home, I began living my own as! Or terrible things as groups when given permission by authority figures it appears to come. Why Pope Gregory IX did issue a papal bull was issued between 1232 and 1234 have consequences... Body is invested with the spirit of the later medieval Inquisition dont really have that self that! Lent was based on the head of every Black cat the early 1230s ( CE ) when Pope IX! And one that would have dire consequences 's like visiting the museum with a close friend who happens. A news media outlet who Surgically Brought Back Unicorns animals, Plague hits iz just as true Dark! Begin, evil had to be a heresy in itself, until the 1700s dictate Catholics... Flaying, now Im not so sure much like modern-day Chicago, Egypt had a rat problem such a occurred! Papal bull Sent to Mainz can influence the whole European stage issue a papal bull, the began! Of cats everywhere, ONeill, Tim out Europe is, they bred. 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