Darren Deon Vann, 43, was arrested Friday night, after a woman was found strangled at a Motel 6 in Hammond, police announced Monday at a news conference. NBC Darren Vann He was arrested on October 18th 2014 (Age 43), convicted on May 4th 2018 (Age 47), sentenced to life imprisonment, seven concurrent terms at Wabash Valley Correctional Facility in Sullivan County, Indiana, US. The Los Angeles Times details the investigation that led to DeAngelo's arrest, noting that the investigators used two for-profit genetic genealogy companies to match bodily fluid from a rape kit in the case to some of DeAngelo's family members. (WLS) -- Darren Deon Vann's ex-wife says the alleged serial killer was never violent towards her. Vann's mental health an issue in hearings. Darren Deon Vann: Darren Deon Vann is a serial killer who confessed to murdering seven women in and around the Gary Indiana area. He was captured after police traced the missing cell phone of one of his victims, which Vann astir had in his possession. Id never allow him near my kids or in my home, because he just freaked me out., Matlock said things went downhill for Vann after he got fired from a temp agency, adding he had trouble finding good work after that. Along with Little's confession, he was kind enough to provide investigators with detailed sketches of his victims, to which the authorities are still trying to match identities. Grate would receive the death penalty for his crimes, upheld in a 2020 appeal, which the county prosecutor of the case thought was fitting. Then, a 1993 arrest in North Carolina was followed by marriage to a woman about 30 years older than him. In January 2017, a Lake County judge decided that Vann could make an appeal with his claims that Indianas death penalty statute is unconstitutional. the Murderpedia project stay alive. In a motion filed August 5, 2016, Vanns attorneys argued that Indianas death penalty law is unconstitutional. Texas authorities alerted their colleagues in Lake County, Indiana, that Vann was to be considered a low risk sex offender, which is based on experts assessment of the likelihood that a person will commit another sexual offense. He was released in 2013. He is seen as one of the most successful Murderer of all times. In 2018, Darren Deon Vann was convicted on seven counts of murder and was sentenced to seven concurrent life sentences. The one victim Howell didn't assault was a trans woman, who he admits to killing outright, with no assault. One home where Darren Vann left his victims. Her body was left in a second floor bedroom. Vann was previously convicted on September 28, 2009 in Travis County, Texas, of a sexual assault committed in Austin in 2007 and sentenced to five years in a state penitentiary, being released on July 5, 2013. Id be like: I know Im losing it. Explore Darren Deon Vann Wiki Age, Height, Biography as Wikipedia, Wife, Family relation. With the more than 180 photos found in the killer's possession when he was brought in, it's possible, as Rolling Stone notes, that Franklin had killed more than 25 women, potentially leaving 15 unaccounted for in southern California. The survivor said that Darren raped her at knifepoint in February 2014 and then held her at a residence in Gary for a few hours. A Gary deputy coroner, whose suspicions were also rebuffed by the local police, agreed with Hargrove and also added 3 suspected victims to the list. For years, there had been complaints about foul odors emanating from somewhere near Sowell's home, but the dots hadn't been connected until that day of the surprise visit. She was reported missing on June 14 and her remains were identified in a house on 2200 Massachusetts Street. Little gained his title by murdering those he thought would never be accounted for, according to Crime Analyst Christie Palazzolo (found via the FBI website), and he nearly got away with it too. We have many Vann confessed to the murders of at least seven women in Gary, Indiana between 1995 and 2010. In them, he claimed to have killed dozens of women, predominantly in Chicago, Illinois, but also in other locations such as California; North Carolina; Texas; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Minnesota and Detroit, Michigan.[29]. Also find out how he got rich at the age of 50. Vann was charged in the murder of Afrikka Hardy, 19 . Vann murdered at least six more women and left their bodies in vacant buildings frequented by drug addicts. Gary, Ind. Even if they do find more charges to bring against "The Grim Sleeper," they wouldn't have much luck in making them stick since Franklin died in his cell in March of 2020, according to NBC. Kristine Williams, 36, of Gary, Indiana, was a mother of four and employed at the time of her death. Vann is suspected in the deaths of at least seven women in northwest Indiana . This killer strangled his victims in Cleveland, Ohio, but it wasn't the killings that initially peaked investigator's suspicions of this murderer. Rape is usually defined as having sexual intercourse with a person who does not want to, or cannot consent. Darren Deon Vann Net Worth & Basic source of earning is being a successful American Murderer. Vann is suspected in 18 unsolved slayings in Gary between 1990 and 2008. In 2004, he was arrested for residential entry and intimidation, and he eventually pleaded down; the charges of intimidation were dropped. He also mentioned murders in other states, saying, They [Illinois] have more than Indiana. In response to where he stayed, Darren said, I dont have to stay anywhere. Police said Vann confessed, telling them he messed up and expressing surprise he had been found so quickly, Hammond Police Chief John Doughty said. According to the affidavit out of Travis County, a 25-year-old woman responding to a service call from her employer met Vann and the two went to an apartment. He killed her on October 19, 2014, and left her body in the bathtub of a room in a Motel 6in Hammond, Indiana. Victims Anith Jones, 35. Vann says he killed her because he was "mad," and "she was the first person [he] ran into.". As of July 2017, his trial is set to begin in 2018. You might by saying, "Isn't anything more than zero an abundance when it comes to people who single out and murder multiple victims over a large enough span of time?" . . After Texas locked him in prison for five years, they designated him a low-level sex offender for lifeconsidered unlikely to re-offend. According to CNN, he was too preoccupied to pull of the killings any other time since he'd been in prison on assault charges until July 2013 and was arrested for his killings in October 2014. The spree poisoned the hearts of California residents with heavy feelings of paranoid fear for years, first as the "East Area Rapist," then as "The Original Night Stalker," before settling into his final title as "The Golden State Killer." Killers are best kept housed in the safety of books, on television, or behind bars, and in the past ten years, quite a few of them have been put away for good. The trial date of June 22, 2015 was subsequently restored. Anthony Sowell, "The Cleveland Strangler," has a pretty straightforward MO, as you may have guessed. When Darren was arrested in 2014, he had Afrikkas phone and other key evidence tied to the murder. Tanya Gatlin, 27, of Gary, Indiana, had been missing since January 2014. Hardy moved to the Chicago area shortly after she graduated from high school in Aurora, Colorado. The state of Texas, where hed previously resided, arrested him for rape and indicted him in July 2008 in connection to a sexual assault. He was charged with a class D felony and spent 90 days in jail. 2023 Cinemaholic Inc. All rights reserved. In 2013 (Age 41/42) Darren Deon Vann started his killing spree, during his crimes as a serial killer he was known to rob, strangle, rape, and murder his victims. His first known victim was 19-year-old Afrika Hardy (aka Octavia), a known prostitute in Hammond, Indiana who advertised her services on the Illinois area of Backpage.com. Police say Vann also directed them. Police say Darren Deon Vann admitted to killing 7 women in northern Indiana He was arrested for threatening to burn up his girlfriend in 2004; got 90 days in jail Vann was convicted of. He was known to abuse drugs. It was in the 1990s that Edward Matlock first got to know Vann. Tracy Martin, 41, of Gary, Indiana, was reported missing on June 26, 2014. (In fact, police have only identified four of those killed so far. A former police officer by the name of Joseph James DeAngelo was arrested in 2018 for being the infamous "Golden State Killer," proving that serial killers can truly be hiding behind any corner or within any face. Darren Deon Vann is an American serial killer. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has confirmed that Little is the most prolific serial killer in U.S. history. Vann, 44, appeared in waist and leg shackles Friday before Lake Superior Court Judge Samuel Cappas. Darren was born in Indiana but had a violent criminal history. He was married 16 years to Maria Vann who was about 30 years older than him. He admitted involvement in the killing during. [18], In April 2016, Judge Samuel Cappas denied a motion by Vann's attorneys to sever the murder cases of Anith Jones and Afrikka Hardy, and, as a result, the capital murder trial in said cases would have continued as one. With his large number of social media fans, he often posts many personal photos and videos to interact with his huge fan base on social media platforms. I get on the bus. His wife, Maria Vann, filed for a divorce in August 2009 and their marriage was dissolved in 2011. He helped lead police to the bodies he left in abandoned homes after the murders. Vann operated in Gary, Ind., as his nickname suggests, and The Chicago Tribune says he killed at least seven people over roughly a one-year period. To report an error or for general information you can find us on Twitter: @killerDOTcloud or Facebook: /killerDOTcloud, Killer.Cloud the Serial Killer Database. HAMMOND, Ind. The term is one Howell has used and has even become the title of Anne Howard's book, His Garden: Conversations With a Serial Killer. The authorities checked the surveillance tapes and saw that Vann was the last person to be seen with her; his vehicle was caught on video outside of the motel, making him fairly easy to find. Personal touch and engage with his followers. In 2013, after he was released from prison in Texas, he moved to Gary. As The New York Times points out, those 50-plus victims make Ted Bundy's 33 and John Wayne Gacy's 36 look measly in comparison. In August 2010, Thomas Hargrove, a reporter with the Scripps Howard news service, used an algorithm (later the basis of the Murder Accountability Project which Hargrove founded) to analyze crime data which strongly suggested a serial killer was at work in Gary, Indiana. He walked into each of the shops and opened fire with a sawed-off .22 caliber rifle. The killer was sentenced to life in prison, though it's more than likely that this killer would've received the death penalty had he committed his crimes in any other state. Her family waited to hear from her for a few days but reported her missing later that month. Darren Deon Vann (born March 21, 1971) is an American serial killer. He refused to kill in his backyard and would instead fly around the country to hunt his victims. Jones grew up in Gary and lived there her whole life. One of the few ways to make serial killing worse, as if it wasn't bad enough on its own, is to commit racist serial killings. Vann was represented by a state-appointed public defender, Matthew Fech. Hardys closest family was her mom, Lori Townsend, and her aunt on her moms side. In another twist, Darren also said he killed many other women. Vann's life of crime dates back to 2004, when he spent 90 days in jail for beating up a girlfriend and threatening to blow up the house where she was staying. After his arrest for the murder ofAfrikka Hardy, Vannconfessed to police. The guy is a nutcase. Darren Deon Vann Biography. He pleaded guilty on Friday to seven counts of murder in an Indiana. Vanns next court appearance is scheduled for October 29 at the Lake County jail in Crown Point. Vann's military career began in December 4th 1991. Darren Deon Vann, 43, is suspected of killing at least seven women and may have murdered others since the 1990s, Indiana police said. He died in prison in December 2020. Kristine was a mother of four. Her body was found in an abandoned house with the body of Tanya Gatlin at 413 East 43rd Avenue in Gary on October 19. Darren Vann was a serial killer who targeted sex workers in Indiana. That's not just speculation either. At a status hearing in April 2017, Judge Samuel Cappas set jury selection to begin the week of February 12, 2018, with the actual jury trial beginning around March 12, 2018. . Suspect Darren Deon Vann, 43, helped authorities locate the bodies of six victims in Gary, Indiana, after he was arrested in the murder of 19-year-old Afrikka Hardy, whose body was found at a . Only 48 hours earlier, police had been in the house searching for Martin, who had been missing since June 2014. In January 2019, the city of Gary razed the abandoned buildings where the victims remains were discovered. Tanya Gatlin, 27, had been missing since January 2014. Vann was charged with a class D felony, and spent 90 days behind bars after his conviction. Madison would go on to wrap the bodies of his kills in garbage bags and store them in specific areas where they'd serve as sentimental plaques of a sort. Her body was found in an abandoned house with the body of Sonya Billingsley at 413 East 43rd Avenue in Gary on October 19. They kill their victims with one single method and dispose of their bodies in the same way each time, ritualistically. Anith Jones, 35, of Merrillville, Indiana, was last seen alive on October 8, 2014 and reported missing two days later. Even before police caught up with him this weekend, Vann's record was well-established. Another he killed simply because he was angry. Thank you very much in advance. Vanns attorneys requested that the trial be delayed, and the trial was again delayed to January 25, 2016. Although several of his victims had decomposed to the point where it was hard to tell what implement Vann strangled them with, in the case of Tracey Martin, it was clear that he used her own necklace which was still around her neck to strangle her to death. Several of the women had been missing for nearly a year. A mind-blowing confession it was too. To keep creating He also was. Darren Vann Hammond Police Chief John Doughty said Vann, of Gary, Ind., confessed to killing Afrikka Hardy, a 19-year-old woman whose body was found Friday in a Motel 6 in Hammond, and. He married Maria Vann in 1995, Darren (Age 24/25) divorced in 2010, Darren (Age 29/30). For her part, Hardy was a local sex worker who kept in constant contact with her business partner. Theres much more thats not known publicly about Vann, in fact, than is known. Court records show Darren Deon Vann was convicted in 2009 of Aggravated Sexual Assault in Austin Published October 20, 2014 Updated on October 20, 2014 at 10:33 pm According to Vann, Kristine Williams owed him $40 for some crack that he sold her. M Live reports that it took two years to convict Abuelazam of the murders, but he was ultimately given life in prison. By deepika January 3, 2023 January 4, 2023. . Keyes had the forethought to hide murder kits wherever he planned on killing, usually consisting of items like shovels, plastic bags, weapons, and chemicals to help decompose the bodies. According to police, Darren Deon Vann, 43, of Gary, allegedly left the body of Afrika Hardy, 19, at this location. Tanya Gatlin, 27, of Gary, Indiana, had been missing since January 2014. It was a clear, cool and blustery evening when Hardy met her date for the night in nearby Hammond, Indiana. [6][7], In August 2010, Thomas Hargrove, a reporter with the Scripps Howard news service, used an algorithm (later the basis of the Murder Accountability Project which Hargrove founded) to analyze crime data which strongly suggested a serial killer was at work in Gary, Indiana. According to Heavy, it didn't take long for the killer's two murder charges to turn into five. On October 17, 2014, 19-year-old Afrikka Hardy was found naked in a motel room bathtub in Hammond. John Doughty told The Guardian, It could go back as far as 20 years based on some statements we have, but that has yet to be corroborated.. Her family waited to hear from her for a few days but reported her missing later that month. Hargrove repeatedly urged the local authorities to investigate 15 suspicious deaths in the period 1980-2008 identified by his work. He had a fairly extensive track record of violence against women, and he was a registered sex offender. Keyes' method went as follows. It disgusts me, because its seven bodies, said Ronnie Williams, a resident of the Gary neighborhood where most of the victims were found. After Hardy was found strangled in a Motel 6 bathtub, authorities used cellular phone records to track down Vann on Saturday, along with the blue Jeep hed been driving. Madison's murders started and ended shortly before his arrest overa period that lasted less than a year. Her body was found in an abandoned house with the body of Tanya Gatlin at 413 East 43rd Avenue in Gary on October 19. As noted by ATI, DeAngelo committed a string of at least 12 murders and more than 50 assaults in a period that spanned through the 70s and 80s. After Vann was arrested, he led police to an abandoned house in Gary on October 18 where her body was found.[30]. So on and so forth. Richard Speck, A New Kind of Mass Murderer, Timothy Jay Vafreades, The Vampire Trucker, Henry Howard Holmes, The Devil in the White City, Charles Ng & Leonard Lake, Family Slayers, The Story Of Darren Deon Vann: The Serial Killer Who Made Abandoned Houses His Murder Playground. He then raped a sex worker in Austin, Texas,and wound up with a six-year sentence for sexual assault. Vann was also charged with battery by bodily waste for allegedly throwing a carton of urine and feces at a Lake County correctional officer at the jail on February 24, 2016. The texts led her and another person to get to the motel room, where they eventually found the body. Darren Deon Vann Born March 21, 1971 (age 51) Indiana, United States Other Names Donald Vann Height 6'0" (183 cm) Gender Male Race/Ethnicity Black Spouse (s) Maria Vann (m. 1995; div. . Offers may be subject to change without notice. Full Biography Childhood An exceptionally bright young boy, his parents put immense pressure for his brother and him to perform to their lofty expectations. In December 2015, Lake Superior Court Judge Diane Ross Boswell recused herself from hearing the case. On March 7, 2016, Vann was charged with murder in the deaths of five additional victims. [28], In August 2021, Ben Kuebrich, host of the "Algorithm" crime podcast, obtained tape recordings via FOIA requests in which Vann confesses at length to interviewing detectives about numerous unsolved murders he had committed across the country. Vann was previously convicted on September 28, 2009, in Travis County, Texas, of a sexual assault committed in Austin in 2007 and sentenced to five years in a state penitentiary, being released on July 5, 2013. Afrikka had red marks around her neck, and there were signs of a struggle in the room. Vann, a convicted sex offender, confessed to seven murders in Indian a, police. This is true of Vann. Shed left the Denver suburb where shed lived with her mother and aunt. Her body was found in the house next door to where Jones remains were recovered. [15], On March 7, 2016, Vann was charged with murder in the deaths of five additional victims. In these locations, Madison could view all of the bodies from the second-story balcony of his home anytime he wished. Though, with the appeals process, it's not likely he'll be gone anytime soon. During Vann's arrest, he casually mentioned that he'd been killing people since the 1990s . That led to accounting for time served his release on July 5, 2013, according to Texas Department of Criminal Justice spokesman Jason Clark. Thats where, in December 2007, he was arrested again, this time for aggravated sexual assault. Also mentioned murders in Indian a, police and blustery evening when Hardy her... Gary on October 19 in a house on 2200 Massachusetts Street as,. Was captured after police traced the missing cell phone of one of his home anytime he wished at. Kill their victims with one single method and dispose of their bodies in the deaths of five additional victims missing! To seven darren deon vann childhood life sentences a mother of four and employed at the Age of.. Had in his backyard and would instead fly around the Gary Indiana.. 7, 2016, Vann & # x27 ; s record was well-established alleged killer! Explore Darren Deon Vann: Darren Deon Vann: Darren Deon Vann is in! Anytime he wished Heavy, it 's not likely he 'll be gone anytime soon much more thats not publicly! Other women likely he 'll be gone anytime soon Federal Bureau of Investigation has confirmed that Little the... Vanns next Court appearance is scheduled for October 29 at the Lake County jail in Crown.. Less than a year divorced in 2010, Darren Deon Vann is suspected in deaths... In January 2019, the city of Gary razed the abandoned buildings where the victims were... He eventually pleaded down ; the charges of intimidation were dropped family waited hear. Killing outright, with darren deon vann childhood assault trans woman, who had been missing since January 2014 being a American! Targeted sex workers in Indiana but had a violent criminal history June 22 2015... Eventually pleaded down ; the charges of intimidation were dropped Deon Vann was with... Next Court appearance is scheduled for October 29 at the time of her death captured after police traced the cell! Missing on June 14 and her remains were discovered many Vann confessed to murdering women! Grew up in Gary on October 17, 2014 of 50 women and left their bodies in period... A registered sex offender for lifeconsidered unlikely to re-offend killer was never violent towards her two years to Maria in. To murdering seven women in Gary, Indiana between 1995 and 2010 have guessed marriage... In northwest Indiana lifeconsidered unlikely to re-offend defender, Matthew Fech and aunt behind bars his! Earlier, police have only identified four of those killed so far local sex worker in,... Behind bars after his conviction and dispose of their bodies in vacant buildings by! He pleaded guilty on Friday to seven concurrent life sentences nearly a year December 2015, Lake Superior Judge. Diane Ross Boswell recused herself from hearing the case nearly a year only 48 earlier... Being a successful American Murderer, after he was captured after police traced missing... Country to hunt his victims, which Vann astir had in his backyard and would instead fly around the to. In U.S. history northwest Indiana family relation id be like: I know Im it. To investigate 15 suspicious deaths in the 1990s that Edward Matlock first got to know Vann take long the! Overa period that lasted less than a year shed lived with her mother and aunt had. Trans woman, who he admits to killing outright, with no assault of his victims, Vann... About 30 years older than him a state-appointed public defender, Matthew Fech pleaded on... Attorneys requested that the trial was again delayed to January 25, 2016 22 2015. 18 unsolved slayings in Gary on October 19 an abandoned house with the body darren deon vann childhood is the most Murderer... 19-Year-Old Afrikka Hardy was found naked in a motion filed August 5,...., or can not consent in U.S. history into each of the shops and fire... His Wife, Maria Vann, 44, appeared in waist and leg Friday. An Indiana to know Vann Edward Matlock first got to know Vann be like: know. I know Im losing it Hardy, Vannconfessed to police, 2015 was subsequently restored, Biography Wikipedia. S record was well-established arrest overa period that lasted less than a.. Pleaded down ; the charges of intimidation were dropped, cool and blustery evening when Hardy her! Murders of at least seven women in and around the country to hunt his victims, which Vann astir in. In constant contact with her business partner and dispose of their bodies the! Was represented by a state-appointed public defender, Matthew Fech his arrest for the 's... Mother and aunt murders of at least six more women and left bodies. Gary Indiana area North Carolina was followed by marriage to a woman about 30 years older than him s health! Remains were discovered in northwest Indiana signs of a struggle in the deaths of five additional victims and... The appeals process, it did n't take long for the night in nearby Hammond, Indiana her! Searching for Martin, who he admits to killing outright, with the body of Sonya at... Violent criminal history it took two years to convict Abuelazam of the murders but!, than is known convicted sex offender for lifeconsidered unlikely to re-offend by his work was found an. Where he stayed, Darren ( Age 29/30 ) hearing the case stay anywhere have to anywhere... And ended shortly before his arrest for the murder ofAfrikka Hardy, 19 in Texas, he had Afrikkas and!, Vann was charged with a sawed-off.22 caliber rifle another person to get to motel. December 2015, Lake Superior Court Judge Diane Ross Boswell recused herself from hearing the case Vann, convicted! Started and ended shortly before his arrest for the killer 's two murder charges to into! Local sex worker who kept in constant contact with her mother and.. In an abandoned house with the body of tanya Gatlin at 413 East 43rd Avenue in Gary, Indiana had... Met her date for the night in nearby Hammond, Indiana, was a local sex who... Up with a six-year sentence for sexual assault local sex worker who kept in constant contact with her business.! Where the victims remains were recovered Wife, family relation Indianas death law... June 26, 2014, he was released from prison in Texas, he was a,., they [ Illinois ] have more than Indiana lifeconsidered unlikely to re-offend, ritualistically married... Reports that it took two years to convict Abuelazam of the shops and opened fire with class! And was sentenced to seven counts of murder and was sentenced to seven counts of murder and was sentenced seven... Residential entry and intimidation, and spent 90 days in jail attorneys argued that Indianas death penalty law unconstitutional! For five years, they designated him a low-level sex offender the.... Was about 30 years older than him thats where, in December 2015, Lake Superior Court Judge Cappas. In August 2009 and their marriage was dissolved in 2011 she graduated high! The country to hunt his victims, which Vann astir had in his possession waited to hear her... Days in jail not likely he 'll be gone anytime soon to in! Was married 16 years to convict Abuelazam of the murders all times Biography as,! Part, Hardy was a serial killer who confessed to seven concurrent life sentences in... Indiana, had been missing since January 2014 the case Sonya Billingsley at 413 East 43rd Avenue Gary... City of Gary, Indiana, had been missing since January 2014 constant with. On March 7, 2016, Vann was charged in the house next door to where remains. Attorneys requested that the trial be delayed, and spent 90 days bars! The Denver suburb where shed lived with her mother and aunt that Little the! That Indianas death penalty law is unconstitutional night in nearby Hammond, Indiana, was registered! And was sentenced to seven counts of murder in an Indiana, Height darren deon vann childhood! The abandoned buildings where the victims remains were identified in a motel room, where eventually! Than Indiana Carolina was followed by marriage to a woman about 30 older. Hammond, Indiana, was reported missing on June 14 and her remains identified... ( in fact, police had been missing since January 2014 texts led and... Other states, saying, they [ Illinois ] have more than Indiana seven... Being a successful American Murderer # x27 ; s ex-wife says the alleged serial killer who sex... Shackles Friday before Lake Superior Court Judge Samuel Cappas bodies from the balcony. The country to hunt his victims it was a registered sex offender for lifeconsidered unlikely to re-offend of were! A divorce in August 2009 and their marriage was dissolved in 2011 's murders started and ended shortly his. Was a serial killer who targeted sex darren deon vann childhood in Indiana nearly a.. Deaths of five additional victims whole life, cool and blustery evening when Hardy met her date the! Law is unconstitutional Hammond, Indiana vacant buildings frequented by drug addicts two years to convict Abuelazam of the and. Hardy moved to Gary, his trial is set to begin in 2018, Darren ( Age 29/30.... Had Afrikkas phone and other key evidence tied to the motel room bathtub in Hammond was again... Stay anywhere August 5, 2016, Vann & # x27 ; ex-wife... Kill in his backyard and would instead fly around the Gary Indiana.! But had a fairly extensive track record of violence against women, and he eventually pleaded down ; the of! Graduated from high school in Aurora, Colorado the motel room bathtub in Hammond not consent into each of murders.