Subversive Currents ~ China Fears Seven Perils. Mr. Xi has indicated that he wants a party meeting in the fall to endorse policies that would give market competition and private businesses a bigger role in the economy and Marxist stalwarts in the party are deeply wary of such proposals. Sun began her career as a worker in a watch factory in Anshan (1969) and, eventually, became a party official in the same factory (197174). He and his wife were married in Tibet and have one daughter. Sun is the only woman leader whose age allowed her to stay on the Politburo for another term, through the 19th Party Congress. Hu advanced his political career largely through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL). Another proposed change would enshrine Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in the constitutions preamble, following Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, and Deng Xiaoping Theory. Li joined the CCP in 1976. A similar tension exists in Xis approach to legal reforms. Repentance in 12 points.<br><br>Having learned from the news about the planned measures to prevent illegal subversive activities, expressed in unjustified malicious criticism of the participants of the Special Military Operation, I completely revised my views, deeply repented and intend to disarm in front of all the Duma parties at the same time.<br>By item:<br><br>1) I now admit that for more . Wang then worked as party secretary of Hainan Province (200203). However, Lius career path, especially over the past two decades, has closely mirrored that of former vice-premier and Politburo member Zeng Peiyan6. Just what is the bottom line for reform? Mr. Hu said on a Web site run by his family to commemorate his father, Hu Yaobang, a leader of political and economic relaxation in the 1980s. On the one hand, Xi has promoted Chinese think tanks, which are mostly staffed with academics. The New York Times . Xi Jinpings close relationship with Wang Qishan has arguably been the most important factor facilitating the consolidation of Xis power and the implementation of his new policy initiatives since Xi took the top leadership post in 2012. Purpose. In the fall of 2013, Xi introduced Liu He to the U.S. national security advisor at the time, Tom Donilon, who was visiting Beijing. Wang most recently served as secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (201217). 1. Russia's Cold War subversive activities focused on so-called "active measures" - attempts to influence debate often delivered via "agents of influence", including politicians and journalists. Chinas state leaders were revealed on March 18, 2018 at the conclusion of the 13th National Peoples Congress (NPC). Liu He has also been recognized for his humble demeanor. Hu Chunhua has been widely characterized as a carbon copy of Hu Jintao and has even been called little Hu.1 Both come from humble family backgrounds, served as student leaders during their college years, advanced their political careers primarily through the CCYL, worked in arduous environments like Tibet, served as provincial party secretaries at a relatively young age, and have low-profile personalities. Theres no doubt then it had direct endorsement from Xi Jinping, Mr. Li said. Head of the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council (2018present), Head of the Air Traffic Control Committee of the State Council and the Central Military Commission (2018present), Head of the Production Safety Committee of the State Council (2018present), Head of the Leading Group for Building an Advanced Manufacturing Industry (2018present), Head of the Leading Group for the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises of the State Council (2018present), Director of the General Office of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work of the CCP Central Committee (2013present), Vice Minister and Deputy Party Secretary of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) (2013present), Full member of the Central Committee of the CCP (2012present), The Forum consists of the countrys most influential economists and financial technocrats, including the current governor of the Peoples Bank, Zhou Xiaochuan; executive vice-governor Yi Gang; and former minister of finance, Lou Jiwei. Then, an internal Party memo referred to as Document No. Han was then made secretary of the CCYL committee of the Chemical Industry Bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Government (198286), deputy party secretary of the Shanghai School of Chemical Engineering (198687), party secretary and deputy director of Shanghai No. Even these relatively measured campaigns proved too much for party leaders, who are wary of any challenges that could swell into outright opposition. He also developed good relations with Xi Jinping when Han served as Xis deputy in Shanghai in 2007, before Xi moved to Beijing to serve as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. Referred to as. He then became vice premier of the State Council (200813), a Politburo member (200717), and a Politburo Standing Committee Member (201217). Deep-ocean currents contain water with high oxygen concentrations. In fact, Xi attended the Bayi School and Beijing No. Prior to the 19th Party Congress in the fall of 2017, Han spent his entire career working in Shanghai. Below are background profiles for the seven top government leaders. As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. Xi Jinping is widely considered to be a protg of both former PRC president Jiang Zemin and former PRC vice-president Zeng Qinghong. Psychodynamic Perspective. Sent-down youth () refers to young, educated urbanites who left their home cities to serve as manual laborers in the countryside during the Cultural Revolution. Subversive definition, tending or intending to subvert or overthrow, destroy, or undermine an established or existing system, especially a legally constituted government or a set of beliefs. I dont believe we have a clear consensus on the precise mix of policies that are necessary to address this challenge. Learn more. For more information on Chinas top party leaders, see our background profiles for the 19th Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee. Li received both a bachelors degree in law (1982) and a doctoral degree in economics (via part-time studies, 1994) from Peking University. Western forces hostile to China and dissidents within the country are still constantly infiltrating the ideological sphere, says Document No. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress (1997). His ancestral home is Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. As a result, he squanders a precious opportunity to institutionalize the peaceful transfer of power in the PRC, undermining the example set by Jiang in 2002 and by Hu in 2012. 2. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Sun is widely considered a protg of Hu Jintao, but it is unclear where and when Sun established her patron-client relationship with Hu. Likewise, scholars and lawyers who have campaigned for limiting party power under the rule of law have also invoked Mr. Xis promise to honor Chinas Constitution. The campaign has resulted in the purges of not only retired heavyweight leaders such as former PSC member Zhou Yongkang, but also about 11 percent of the members of the 18th Central Committee, including Politburo member Sun Zhengcai. Vice president of the Peoples Republic of China (2018present). Attempting to negate current leadership and deny the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics. Han then served as deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) (197580) and as a clerk of the Shanghai Chemical Equipment Industry Co., Ltd (198082). Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. Three years later, in 2000, he was appointed director of the State Council General Office of Economic Reform. Within the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee, Li served as alternate member (198385), secretary (198593), and first secretary (199398). He also served as president of the Central Party School (200712), the most important venue for training officials and ideological/policy research in the CCP. Hans reputation as a competent, seasoned financial and economic technocrat, as well as his market-friendly policy orientation in cosmopolitan Shanghai, has generally been well received in business communities both in China and abroad. Internal warnings show that President Xi Jinping fears that the Communist Party is vulnerable to public anger about corruption and challenges from liberals impatient for political change. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. Since the document was issued, the campaign for ideological orthodoxy has prompted a torrent of commentary and articles in party-run periodicals. I enjoy her subversive sense of humor. Li Keqiang worked closely with Hu, assisting him in convening the Sixth National Conference of the All-China Youth Federation in August 1983. Over the course of his first term, Xi has proven himself to be Chinas strongest leader since Deng Xiaoping. The author of five books and over 200 articles, Liu He focuses his research on five broad areas: the relationship between economic development and changes in industrial structure in China; macroeconomic theory; corporate governance and property rights; the new economy and the information industry; and the reform of Chinese SOEs. Cheng Li, Chinas Team of Rivals, Foreign Policy, March/April 2009, pp. 3. Li then served as party secretary of Liaoning Province (200407). Subversive element definition: Something that is subversive is intended to weaken or destroy a political system or. He then served as the first secretary of the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee (200608). In 1988, for example, Zhu Rongji, then mayor of Shanghai, visited the citys Dazhonghua Rubber Plant, where Han Zheng was employed. He was the first person from his county to attend Peking University. He was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Fengyang County, Anhui (197476)1. The memo called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society, including "Western constitutional democracy," "universal values" of human rights, and Western . That is the existential question that will be posed to Chinas National Peoples Congress in the coming days, as it considers indefinitely handing over the countrys political reins to President Xi Jinping. Most notably, the NPC approved a constitutional change abolishing term limits for Chinas president Xi Jinping. Xi was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi (196975)1. But they have been disappointed. She was head of the Womens Association of Anshan City (198891), deputy head of the Workers Union of Liaoning Province (199193), head of the Womens Association of Liaoning (199394), head of the Workers Union of Liaoning (199497), and deputy party secretary of Liaoning (19972005). He was a sent-down youth at a collective farm in Chongming County, Shanghai, during the Cultural Revolution (197275)1. If these four leaders are excluded, 85 percent would be newcomers. The loyalty oath was intended to protect students from so-called subversive teachers. First, her leadership experience running an important province (Fujian) and two major cities (Tianjin and Dalian), as well as her tenure as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee, have prepared her for even more important posts in the national leadership. 25 School, while Liu went to Beijing No. Since the circular was issued, party-run publications and Web sites have vehemently denounced constitutionalism and civil society, notions that were not considered off limits in recent years. Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. Subsequently, Xi served as deputy secretary and then secretary of Zhengding County, Hebei Province (198285), and thereafter in Fujian Province as executive vice-mayor of Xiamen City (198588), party secretary of Ningde County (198890), party secretary of Fuzhou City (199096), deputy party secretary of Fujian Province (199699), governor of Fujian Province (19992002). (Here are the 19 ships and submarines in U.S. naval fleet . 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. Observers argue that Premier Li has been marginalized, as Xi has taken over all of the top posts in economic affairs4. Not much information is available about Han Zhengs family. After that, Liu worked as a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council (198788). One could also make the argument that the top leader intentionally (or as a compromise) chooses his successor from the rival faction in order to unite the party leadership. For more information, see. Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. The information you're looking for, is in the "To URL" section. She was a visiting scholar at Brown University in the mid-1990s. 101 School in the same district. According to the current CCP regulations and norms, Han will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo Standing Committee and then retire in 202223. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. For example, the fourth plenum of the 18th Party Central Committee, held in the fall of 2014, was devoted to Chinas legal reform. If the international community views China through an increasingly negative lens, and if criticism from Chinese liberal intellectuals, rival political elites, and the Chinese citizenry gains steam, the result may be a leadership split and political instability in China. When you right-click in the folder and run "TortoiseSVN -> Switch" command, the "Switch to Branch / Tag" window appears on the screen. He received a bachelors degree in economics (197882) and a masters degree in management (198386), both from the Department of Industrial Economics at Renmin University in Beijing. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 18th Party Congress in 2012. Officials have intensified efforts to block access to critical views on the Internet. Han joined the CCP in 1979. By CHRIS BUCKLEY, August 19, 2013 (New York Times) HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. Liu He has contributed significantly to the new economic paradigms and concepts outlined in Xi Jinpings first term, such as the economic new normal and supply-side reform. His economic outlook is remarkably liberal. How the relationship between these two strongmen in China, Xi and Wang, will unfold in the years to come remains to be seen. The New York Times has gotten hold of a secret Chinese Communist Party memo, which lists seven subversive currents in Chinese society, which could lead to the overthrow of the party after the fashion of the French Revolution. Even as Mr. Xi has sought to prepare some reforms to expose Chinas economy to stronger market forces, he has undertaken a mass line campaign to enforce party authority that goes beyond the partys periodic calls for discipline. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Some of this cognitive dissonance may be temporary compromises as Xi positions himself to gain broad support from various forces in the country. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Get foreign policy updates from Brookings, Compiled by Cheng Li and the staff of the John L. 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The confrontation at the newspaper and campaign demanding that officials disclose their wealth alarmed leaders and helped galvanize them into issuing Document No. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. His parents were farmers in a poor and remote village within an ethnic minority autonomous county in Hubei Province. Liberal intellectuals will be among the first to push back and shape the public discourse. The campaign has also exhilarated leftist defenders of party orthodoxy, many of whom pointedly oppose the sort of market reforms that Mr. Xi and Prime Minister Li Keqiang have said are needed. The campaign carries some risks for Mr. Xi, who has indicated that the slowing economy needs new, more market-driven momentum that can come only from a relaxation of state influence. Li Keqiang was born on July 1, 1955, in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. discussion of "seven subversive currents," including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. Xi Jinping was born on June 15, 1953, in Beijing. Jeremy Page, Bob Davis, and Lingling Wei, Xi Weakens Role of Beijings No. In July 2001, Hu returned to Tibet, where he served as secretary-general (chief of staff) of the CCP Committee of Tibet (200103) and deputy party secretary and executive vice-governor of Tibet (200306). Rip currents are dangerous, offshore flows of water found at beaches where waves break across a surfzone and these currents responsible for many people getting into trouble while swimming. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. As the son-in-law of Yao Yilin, a former Politburo Standing Committee member and vice premier, Wang is considered a princeling. He has responded to praise of his work by stating that it is inappropriate to emphasize any one individuals contributions to Chinas economic policy. Liu joined the CCP in December 1976. Further, prior to the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi visited Guangdong twice. Zhang Lei, Nongchaoer [The man who paddles against the incoming tide], Nanfang Renwu Zhoukan [Southern People Weekly], August 26, 2013; and Wu Rujia and Lin Zijing, Wang Qishan lianpu [Changing roles of Wang Qishan], Fenghuang Zhoukan [Phoenix Weekly], December 5, 2013. Han continued to advance his career in Shanghai, serving as vice-mayor (19982003), deputy party secretary (200212), mayor (200312), acting party secretary (2007), and finally party secretary (201217). She was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. Thats like pouring petrol on the leftists fire., https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html. His ancestral home is Changli County, Hebei Province. If, for some reason, Li Keqiang steps down from his position as premier of the State Council before the end of his term, Han may be a leading candidate for that position. Undoing this restriction essentially lines Xi up to be President for Life. It appears that Xi has seized upon his moment at the pinnacle of accrued political capital to avoid becoming a lame duck and to cement his hold over the country for as long as he desires. For example, Bob Davis and Lingling Wei reported that both [Xi Jinping and Liu He] were schoolmates in Beijings Middle School 101 in the 1960s. Ibid. Given her age, Sun will likely retire in the next leadership transition in 2022-23. 9 was mentioned; it enumerates the 'Seven Perils'. He was Liu Zhiyans only child from his first marriage, which ended in divorce. subversive groups/activities. He then served as deputy director of the State Council Information Office, where he was in charge of e-commerce and international cooperation (200103). She joined the CCP in 1973. Hu volunteered to work in Tibet after graduation, where he established his patron-mentor relationship with Hu Jintao, who was then serving as party secretary (198892). In his most recent State of the Union Address, President Donald Trump asserted that rivals like Chinachallenge our interests, our economy, and our values. Xis actions will only play into rising fears about China among Americans, who will further conflate Chinas leadership with that of other authoritarian regimes like Russia and Turkey. Aware of Wangs high profile among the Chinese public and this nickname, former U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner presented Wang with an authentic New York City Fire Department hat during Wangs visit to the United States in 2011.6, During Xis first term, Wang Qishan was Xis strongest political ally and acted as the partys anticorruption czar. Wang launched the largest anti-graft campaign in the PRC history, purging approximately 440 leaders at the vice-ministerial and vice-provincial levels () on corruption charges, including 79 PLA officers holding the rank of major general or higher and 45 members of the CCPs 18th Central Committee.7. He was later appointed deputy party secretary and head of the Luwan District in Shanghai (199295) and was eventually promoted to deputy secretary-general (chief of staff) of the Shanghai municipal government, in addition to director of the City Planning Commission and director of the Securities Management Office (199597). At the peak of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) crisis, Wang was appointed mayor of Beijing (200407). The recent NPC meeting has proposed removing a clause from the countrys constitutionadded during the Deng Xiaoping erawhich limits both the presidency and vice presidency to two five-year terms. Vice Premier of the State Council (2018present), Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for United Front Work (2015present), Head of the State Council Leading Group of Deepening Medical and Health System Reform (2018present), Deputy Head of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macao Affairs (2016present), Full member of the CCP Central Committee (2007present). Reform efforts have centered on marginalizing the four PLA general departments that had undermined the authority of the civilian-led CMC; transforming Chinas military operations from a Russian-style, army-centric system toward what analysts call a Western-style joint command system; and swiftly promoting young guards to top positions in the officer corps. Equally important, this latest action further alienates a number of critical constituencies whose power Xi may be underestimating. Liu Zhiyan was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, and he committed suicide in 1967, at the age of 49, by jumping from the Jinjian Hotel in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. She later studied economic management in the Department of Economics at Liaoning University in Shenyang, Liaoning Province (via correspondence studies, 198184); participated in a program in economic management at the Liaoning Party School in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province (via correspondence studies, 198991); and attended a one-year training program at the Central Party School in Beijing (199293). As the son-in-law of Yao Yilin, a former Politburo Standing Committee Xi visited Guangdong twice CCYL.! ( CCYL ) forces in the & quot ; to URL & quot ; section a collective farm in County., through the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi has promoted Chinese tanks. Address this challenge the only woman leader whose age allowed her to stay on the for... Han spent his entire career working in Shanghai what are the seven subversive currents was mentioned ; it enumerates the & quot to. 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