[26][27][28][29] Paul Cubberley posits that although Cyril may have codified and expanded Glagolitic, it was his students in the First Bulgarian Empire under Tsar Simeon the Great that developed Cyrillic from the Greek letters in the 890s as a more suitable script for church books. In 1989 publication began again in the other Karelian dialects and Latin alphabets were used, in some cases with the addition of Cyrillic letters such as ь. The Cyrillic alphabet was originally developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 9th – 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School.[2][3]. Cyrillic alphabet, writing system developed in the 9th–10th century ce for Slavic-speaking peoples of the Eastern Orthodox faith. These men were from Thessalonica, and they traveled to the southern Slavic regions to spread Christianity. Modern Russian has 32 letters (33, with inclusion of the soft sign—which is not, strictly speaking, a letter), Bulgarian 30, Serbian 30, and Ukrainian 32 (33). Today, many languages in the Balkans, Eastern Europe, and northern Eurasia are written in Cyrillic alphabets. 2012. 2001–05, O.Ed. Cyrillic is derived from the Greek uncial script, augmented by letters from the older Glagolitic alphabet, including some ligatures. Similarly to Latin fonts, italic and cursive types of many Cyrillic letters (typically lowercase; uppercase only for handwritten or stylish types) are very different from their upright roman types. Modern Russian Cyrillic has also been adapted to many non-Slavic languages, sometimes with the addition of special letters. All these alphabets, and other ones (Abaza, Adyghe, Chechen, Ingush, Kabardian) have an extra sign: palochka (Ӏ), which gives voiceless occlusive consonants its particular ejective sound. There were also commonly used ligatures like ѠТ = Ѿ. The Unicode 5.1 standard, released on 4 April 2008, greatly improves computer support for the early Cyrillic and the modern Church Slavonic language. The following table shows the differences between the upright and italic Cyrillic letters of the Russian alphabet. It was officially approved in 1982 and started to be widely used by 1987. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Abkhazian and Ossetian languages were switched to Georgian script, but after the death of Joseph Stalin, both also adopted Cyrillic. Additionally, the letter Е, representing /je/ in Russian, is instead pronounced /e/ or /ɛ/, with /je/ being represented by ⟨јe⟩. Saints Naum and Clement, both of Ohrid and both among the disciples of Cyril and Methodius, are sometimes credited with having devised the Cyrillic alphabet. A combination of Sh and Ch (ШЧ шч) is used where those familiar only with Russian and or Ukrainian would expect Shcha (Щ щ). Cyrillic and Glagolitic were used for the Church Slavonic language, especially the Old Church Slavonic variant. The Zhuang alphabet, used between the 1950s and 1980s in portions of the People's Republic of China, used a mixture of Latin, phonetic, numeral-based, and Cyrillic letters. Other Cyrillic alphabets include the Molodtsov alphabet for the Komi language and various alphabets for Caucasian languages. Double consonants, called "fortis", are pronounced longer than single consonants (called "lenis"). Punctuation for Cyrillic text is similar to that used in European Latin-alphabet languages. In the 1930s, some of those languages were switched to the Uniform Turkic Alphabet. Some of Russia's peoples such as the Tatars have also tried to drop Cyrillic, but the move was halted under Russian law. [4][5][6] The new script became the basis of alphabets used in various languages, especially those of Orthodox Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. Cyrillic is used by those Slavic peoples who accepted... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. In Microsoft Windows, the Segoe UI user interface font is notable for having complete support for the archaic Cyrillic letters since Windows 8. The Cyrillic letters Вв, Ёё, Цц, Чч, Щщ, Ъъ, Ьь and Ээ are not used in native Kazakh words, but only for Russian loans. Latin is going to be the only used alphabet in 2022, alongside the modified Arabic alphabet (in the People's Republic of China, Iran and Afghanistan). An early tradition, in attributing the invention of an…, …of the Slavonic alphabet (Cyrillic and Glagolitic) made possible the translation of the Bible and the Greek liturgy and brought literacy as well as the Christian faith to the Slavic peoples.

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